Protecting Disappearing

Species(Elelphant)

Presented by
Shin Min Min Phyo
Phoo Thandar Khine
Thet Htet San(Holly)
Endangered species- Elephant
 Class- Mammalia
 Phylum-Chordata
 Family-Elephantidae
Eating Habits

 eat between 149 and 169 kg (330-375 lb.) of vegetation daily.

 Sixteen to eighteen hours is spent on feeding.
 consume grasses, small plants, bushes, fruit, twigs, tree bark, and
roots.
 Tree bark is a favorite food source for elephants. It contains calcium
and roughage, which aids digestion.
 require about 68.4 to 98.8 L (18 to 26 gal.) of water daily
 Continued
 consume up to 152 L (40 gal.)
 An adult male elephant can drink up to 212 L (55 gal.) of water in less
than five minutes
 dig up earth to obtain salt and minerals
 then places dislodged pieces of soil into its mouth, to obtain nutrients
Body of Elephant
 Elephant’s trunk

 an extension of the upper lip and nose.

 functions for grasping, breathing, feeding, dusting, smelling, drinking,
lifting, sound production/communication, defense/protection, and
sensing.
 One or two finger-like projections have many sensitive nerve endings
and are capable of fine motor skills, such as grasping small and delicate
objects.
 An adult Asian elephant can hold up to 8.5 L of water in its trunk
Tusks

 serve to dig for water, salt, and rocks, to debark and uproot
trees, as levers for maneuvering fallen trees and branches, for
work, for display, for marking trees, as a weapon for offence and
defence, as trunk-rests, and as protection for the trunk.
 right or left tusked.
 Cows usually lack tusks; if tusks—in that case, called
"tushes"—are present, they are barely visible and only seen
when the mouth is open.[citation needed] 
 The enamel plates of the molars are greater in number and
closer together in Asian elephants
Skin

 wrinkled in appearance
 African elephants more wrinkled than Asian elephants.
 Wrinkles act as a cooling mechanism by increasing the skin's surface
area.
 The additional skin and wrinkles trap moisture, which then takes
longer to evaporate. Therefore, wrinkles keep elephants cooler, for
longer, than if they had smooth skin.
 Elephant skin can be up to 3.8 cm (1.5 in.) thick in
Depigmentation of Asian Elelphant’s skin
 Musth Gland of elephant
 Asian and African elephants have a musth gland located just
beneath the skin's surface, halfway between the eye and ear on
each side of theirhead.
 The musth gland may be associated with sexual activity and/or
communication.
 secrete a dark, oily, musky substance and become inflamed
annually.
 This physiological change is associated with a behavior
observed in male elephants called musth.
 Refer to musth in the Behavior section.
Ears

 about one-sixth the size of its entire body

 primarily function as a cooling mechanism.
 contain extensive networks of tiny blood vessels, which are visible at
the outer margins, where the skin is only about one to two mm thick.
 The warm blood cools as it circulates through the vessels in the ear,
due to the thin layer of skin that separates it from the outside air.
 The cooler blood then circulates back into the body, helping reduce
the overall body temperature of the elephant.
 The size of elephant’s ear is proportionate to geographical
distribution.
 Hair:Elephants have sparse hair distributed unevenly on their
body, with the most noticeable concentrations around the eyes,
ear openings, chin, and tail.
 Young elephants are hairier than adults and their hair is reddish-
brown in color.
 As they mature, the amount of hair is reduced and becomes
darker.
 Foot:The skeleton of an elephant's foot is angled, with a large
pad of fat and connective tissue at the heel.
 The angled foot structure means that elephants walk on their
tiptoes with their body weight evenly distributed across the
fatty/connective tissue at the heel.
 Populations and Distribution

 There are three types of elephants living in the wild:African Savanna

elephant ,African Forest Elephants,Asia Elephants
 -Total elephant population in the world (2022)- 497,000
 -According to Worldwildlife, African elephant population can be seen as the
listed below.
Central Africa Elephant -24,119
Eastern Africa Elephant - 86,373
Africa largest population - 293447
Botswana - 130,000
West Africa -11489
 Continued

 -Asian elephant population has declined by an estimated 50 percent over the past 75 years, and
Elephant population in Asia is estimated be 52,000 left in the wild.
 -Elephant population in Myanmar is is estimated to be 2,000.
 Habitat
 The African savanna is a rolling grassland scattered with shrubs and isolated trees. Located near the equator where
the rainfall is seasonal and temperature are warm.
 Asian forests have a tropical moist climate and receive high overall rainfall with a warmer summer wet season and
a cooler winter dry season. The average temperature per year is 80degree.
 Changes in Population

 Less than 500,000 elephants exit today

 In Africa, 415,000 left

 In Asia 40,000 left

 The last 25 years have been a living nightmare for elephants

The main reasons for being endangered

 Illegal killing and poaching

 Habitat loss due to farming and infrastructural development
 The loss of genetic viability because of small population size
 How can we prevent the loss of elephant population

 Prevent illegal killing

 Reduce the demand of ivory
 Protect elephant habitats
 Donate to conservation organizations
 How to raise awareness of people

 Speak up for endangered wildlife

 Host a community fundraising events
 Tell others about the cause
Why should we Protect the elephants

 They help to maintain Forest and ecosystem

 They plant trees and fight the climate change.
 References

 https://seaworld.org/animals/all-about/elephants/characteristics/
 www.wikipedia.com
 https://www.biodiversity.org
 the guardian.com
 https://zoologyexpert.com