MINI PROJECT

AUTOMATED ORTHO DRILL

GUIDE:
Dr. J. BINU CLARA
TEAM MEMBERS:
S.F.GLAZINTA MIRABEL
P.SYLVIA PRAISY
B.PRANITHA
 ABSTRACT
• Problem Statement: Ortho Surgeons find difficulties in using Ortho Drills since
the drill bit may cause damage to the muscles and tissues while drilling the
bones for implant surgeries

• Ortho Surgeons are using the drills available in market and they are handling
the drill and the drill bits manually. During this process the nearby tissues and
bones are damaged.

• This can be done by adding a Touch sensor to the ortho drill machine which
automatically turns off when the force is detected by the sensor.
AIM: To design and develop an Automatic Ortho Drill

OBJECTIVE:
• To Design And Implement A User-friendly System That Enhances Surgical
Accuracy, Reduces Errors, And Improves Orthopedic Surgical Outcomes.

• To Reduce Damage Of Muscles And Tissues While Drilling The Bone.

• Use Of Capacitance Touch Sensor To Automatically Stop The Drilling.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
• Compact bone
• Spongy bone
• Bone marrow
• Periosteum
• Endosteum
• Articular cartilage
• Epiphysis
• Diaphysis
• Haversian canals
MANUAL ORTHO DRILL
 TYPES OF ORTHO DRILL
There are 3 types of Ortho drills based on their power source:

BATTERY
PNEUMATIC
POWERED

ELECTRIC
 TYPES OF ORTHO DRILL
BATTERY POWERED
PNEUMATIC BONE DRILL ELECTRIC BONE DRILL
 LITERATURE REVIEW
SI NO TITLE AUTHOR YEAR INFERENCE
1. Thermal Charles Timon 2019 Detects the
Osteonecrosis temperature
Caused by Bone dissipation and the
Drilling in IR camera
measures the bone
Orthopaedic temperature.
Surgery

2. Orthopedic Bone Tony Boiadjiev, 2021 Reduces drill speed

Drilling Robot George Boiadjiev, and turns off when
ODRO: Basic Kamen Delchev, it detects the
Characteristics Ivan Chavdarov increase in force
and Roumen
and Areas of Kastelov
Applications
 EXISTING SYSTEM
• THEY USE FORCE SENSOR IN THIS SYSTEM
 PROPOSED SYSTEM
• Instead of Force Sensor, we are using Touch Sensor

• Touch sensor can identify the bone and the muscles and tissues.

• So when the sensor detects the soft tissue for the second time, the
motor stops.

• Less complicated than the previous system

 DC MOTOR
LED
USB Output Pins Input Pin
ARDUINO
UNO Vcc GND

GND
LAPTOP
TOUCH
Vcc
SENSOR
SIG

BLOCK DIAGRAM
 PROCESS FLOW CHART

When power supply is given motor runs

When the Touch Sensor Senses the Bone Marrow inside the
bone, the LED light is turned on

When the Touch Sensor senses the tissue/muscles the motor

turns off immediately
 COMPONENTS
• ARDUINO UNO
• TOUCH SENSOR
• 2 RELAY MODULE
• JUMPER WIRES
• USB
• LED
• DC MOTOR
• SWITCH
ARDUINO UNO
TOUCH SENSOR
2 RELAY MODULE
 CODING – Language C
const int TOUCH_SENSOR = 2;
if(digitalRead(TOUCH_SENSOR) == LOW) else if(over_flag == 1)
const int RLY1 = 6; { delay(10); {
const int RLY2 = 7; if(digitalRead(TOUCH_SENSOR) == LOW) if(inByte_new == 'S')
{ delay(10); {
unsigned char inByte, inByte_new, over_flag = 0; if(digitalRead(TOUCH_SENSOR) == LOW) digitalWrite(RLY1, LOW); //ON
char touch_flag; { touch_flag = 0; } } } over_flag = 2;
if(digitalRead(TOUCH_SENSOR) == HIGH){ }
void setup() delay(10); if(digitalRead(TOUCH_SENSOR) if(Serial.available() > 0)inByte = Serial.read();
{ == HIGH){ delay(10); }
if(digitalRead(TOUCH_SENSOR) == HIGH){ else if(over_flag == 2)
Serial.begin(9600); touch_flag = 1; } } } //touched {
pinMode(TOUCH_SENSOR, INPUT); if(over_flag == 0) if(touch_flag == 1) //touched
{ {
pinMode(RLY1, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(RLY1, if(Serial.available() > 0) digitalWrite(RLY2, LOW); //ON
HIGH); //OFF { delay(100);
pinMode(RLY2, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(RLY2, inByte = Serial.read(); over_flag = 3;
HIGH); //OFF Serial.write(inByte); }
inByte_new = inByte;
} over_flag = 1;
void loop() inByte = '\0';
}
{ }
 RESULT
Screenshot of the Coding used for the working of the project
 RESULT
Snapshot of Prototype when the motor is rotating
 RESULT
Snapshot of the prototype when the LED glows after the Touch Sensor is touched once
 FUTURE WORKS
• Develop a user-friendly graphical interface or touchscreen panel to control and monitor the
drilling process. This can provide visual feedback, enable customization of drilling
parameters, and simplify user interaction with the system.
• Implement a mechanism that automatically selects and changes drill bits based on the
specific surgical procedure or drilling requirements. This can save time and effort for
medical professionals, further enhancing efficiency.
• Explore the integration of imaging technologies such as X-ray or ultrasound to assist in
precise drill path planning and guidance. This can enhance the accuracy and safety of the
drilling process, particularly in complex orthopedic procedures.
• Implement wireless communication capabilities to enable remote monitoring and control of
the ortho drill system. This can allow surgeons or medical professionals to monitor surgeries
from a distance and provide assistance if needed.
THANK YOU