03 (Three) Years BSC In CSE

Part of Final Assignment

Course Title : Mathematics –V
Course Code : Math-2231

Presentation of Group -02

Submitted By Submitted To
ID : 20193007011
ID : 20193008011 Mr. Mahmudul Hasan Milon sir
ID : 20193010011 Assistant Professor,
ID : 20193011011 North Western
University,Khulna
CSE-2/3 Spring-2021
Date of Submission : 03/06/2021
 Integral Function
The definite integral is defined to be exactly the limit and summation that we looked at in the last
section to find the net area between a function and the xx-axis. Also note that the notation for the
definite integral is very similar to the notation for an indefinite integral. The reason for this will
be apparent eventually.
There is also a little bit of terminology that we should get out of the way here. The number “aa”
that is at the bottom of the integral sign is called the lower limit of the integral and the number
“bb” at the top of the integral sign is called the upper limit of the integral. Also, despite the fact
that aa and bb were given as an interval the lower limit does not necessarily need to be smaller
than the upper limit. Collectively we’ll often call aa and bb the interval of integration.
The definite integral is defined to be exactly the limit and summation that we looked at in the last
section to find the net area between a function and the xx-axis. Also note that the notation for the
definite integral is very similar to the notation for an indefinite integral. The reason for this will
be apparent eventually.
There is also a little bit of terminology that we should get out of the way here. The number “aa”
that is at the bottom of the integral sign is called the lower limit of the integral and the number
“bb” at the top of the integral sign is called the upper limit of the integral. Also, despite the fact
that aa and bb were given as an interval the lower limit does not necessarily need to be smaller
than the upper limit. Collectively we’ll often call aa and bb the interval of integration.
Introduction to Fourier
integral
The Fourier integral is obtain from a regular
Fourier serieswhich seriously must be
applied only to periodic signals.

Thee trick is to take the limit

of the Fourier series as the
originally finite period of the
periodic signal goes to infinitely that
means the signal will never be
repeated, and thus it will occur
only once, since an infinite period of time is quite long to
wait.
 Definition
of
Fourier integral
Definition of Fourier
integral
Let f(x) be the function satisfying Dirichlet’s
Condition* in every interval (-c , c) however large.
Then
∞
𝑎0 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋
𝑓 = 𝑛 + 𝑛 𝑥
𝑎2 �cos �
sin
𝑥 𝑛=1
+𝑏 � �
Where

�0 = 1�𝑐 −𝑐 𝑓 𝑑
� � 𝑡 𝑡
𝑛𝜋𝑡
�𝑛 = 1𝑐𝑐 −𝑐 𝑓 cos � 𝑑𝑡
� 𝑡 �
�𝑛 = 1�𝑐 −𝑐 𝑓 sin 𝑛𝑡𝜋𝑡
𝑐
� � 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Dirichlet’s Condition: If the function f(x) is such that,

∞
1.It is absolutely inferable , so that 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 < ∞;
−∞
That is finite and

2.It has atmost a finite number of maxima and

minimum and a finite number of discontinuities in
any finite interval , then the Fourier integral
representation of f(x).
 Extension
from
series to integral
 Extension from series to integral

 Consider the periodic function 𝑓𝐿 x

with period 2L satisfying Dirichlet’s Condition
in the interval (-L,L), however large L be. Than 𝑓𝐿
𝑓𝐿 𝑥 = 2 + x∞𝑛=1can𝑎𝑛becos
represented by
𝑛𝜋𝑥a Fourier
𝑎0 𝑛𝜋𝑥
�
+ 𝑏 𝑛 sin � …(1)
series as the � �
Where,

𝑎0 = 1 𝑓 𝑡
𝐿 −𝐿
𝐿
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑛 =1 𝑓 𝑡 cos 𝑛𝜋𝑡
�
𝑑𝑡
𝐿 −𝐿
𝐿 �
1 𝑛𝑡𝜋𝑡
� 𝑓 𝑡 sin �
𝑛 𝐿𝐿−𝐿
� 𝑑𝑡 �
• Substituting these coefficient 𝑎0, 𝑎𝑛 & 𝑏𝑛 in the
eq (1) we get
� ∞
1 � 𝑛𝜋(𝑡 − 𝑥)
𝑓𝐿 = 𝑓 [1+2 ]𝑑
−𝐿𝑡 �
𝑥 2𝐿 cos 𝑡
�
𝑛=1
……(2)

Further, let lim 𝑓𝐿 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the limit L ∞

𝐿→∞
get we
∞
∞
1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑡 cos[(𝑡 −
�
𝑥)𝞴]dt d𝞴
�
0
−∞
 Example
of
Fourier integral
• Example of simple Fourier integral:
• Fourier sine and cosine integral with
examples:
1 ∞ ∞ 1 ∞ ∞
=
𝑓𝑥 𝞴 0
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝞴x 𝑓 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝞴t 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝞴 t dt
dt d𝞴 + 𝞴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝞴x 𝑓𝑡
0 −∞ −∞ d𝞴

First Integral Second Integral

When f(x) is an odd function f(t) cos𝞴𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑 while f t sin𝞴t is even.
Thus the first integral vanishes & we have

2 ∞ ∞
f(x) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝞴x 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝞴t dt d𝞴
𝜋0
−∞
When f(x) is a even function f(t) cos𝞴𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 while f t 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝞴t is
even. Thus the second integral vanishes & we have

2 ∞ ∞
f(x) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝞴x 𝑓 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝞴t dt d𝞴
𝜋0
−∞
• Example 1: Using Fourier sine integral show
that:
∞ 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝞴 𝜋
sin x𝞴 d𝞴
0 𝞴 2
= ; 0<x< 𝜋
= 0; x
>𝜋
Example 2:find Fourier sine integral of f(x)= 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥

where x>0,a>0. Hence prove that

∞
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝞴 𝑑𝞴 = 𝜋𝑒−𝑎𝑥
𝑎2 + 𝞴2 2𝑎
0
 Questions

Date of Submission : 03/06/2021

Date of Submission : 03/06/2021