MAINTAIN

NURSERY
FACILITIES
 PLANTING MATERIAL PREPARATION

Nursery operation—except direct seeded plants

Site or infrastructure
1. Open field –field grown crops and transplanted rice
Seedbed
Seedboxes
Seedling tray
2. Nursery (shaded or open)
Pots
Plastic bags
Seedboxes
Seedling tray
• Seeds are maintain until ready for planting,
transplanting or repotting/rebagging
• Asexually propagated plant materials grown
until ready for planting in the field
• Soil medium
• Necessary nutrients: water, pest management
and social requirements imposed during
seedling stage
 Size and age of seedlings
• Seedling height—30 cm
• Number of developed leaves—3-4 leaves
• Age of planting :
2-4 weeks—cereals and field crops(annuals)
2-3 months—papaya
4-6 months—jackfruit/guyabano
3-4 months—guava
6-10 months—coffee
6-9 months—coconut
8-15 months—oil palm(5-6 leaves developed)
 Shade management
• Generally, seed germination requires partial
shade condition.
• After potting coconut, mango, and citrus can
be exposed to full sunlight.
• However, coffee, banana, cacao, rambutan,
mangosteen, lanzones, banana, and grafted,
budded planting materials need 20-25%
partial shade.
 CROPPING PATTERN AND CALENDAR PLAN
CROPPING PATTERN - nagpapakita ng pagkasunod-sunod ng
halamang itinatanim sa isang lugar at sa nakatakdang panahon
na may akmang tubig.
Second Crop
First Crop Third Crop

Paddy Rice Corn

Vegetables

CROPPING CALENDAR - nagpapakita ng haba ng buhay ng

bawat halaman sa bawat panahon at dami ng tubig na
kakailanganin nito.
Jan Fe b Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Se p Oct Nov De c

LS LS
Crop - Corn H Vegetables, peanut PT
First Crop - Rice H PT Second
 GABAY SA PAGPLANO
 Weather and climate condition
(Rainfall pattern and distribution)

 Turn around period (or the time

between crops)

 Crops growing period

 Types of soil and landscape position

 Water supply
 Irrigation methods
1. Flooding –wetting all land surface
2. By furrows –wetting part of the
ground surface
3. By sprinkle –same way as rain
4. Sub irrigation – surface is wetted a
little
5. Localized –water is applied at each
plant at daily rate
Plant propagation techniques
Why is plant propagation important?

Produce new and better plants faster

Can produce exact duplicates of desired
plants

Can increase quality of plants

Asexual propagation?
Asexual propagation
• Reproduction of new plants from
existing stem, leaf or root of parent
plant
•No seed is form
•Produces an exact duplicate of the
parent plant called clone
•Can produce new plants
What are types of asexual propagation

Stem cuttings
Leaf cuttings
Leaf-bud cuttings
Budding
Layering
Separation techniques
Tissue culture
Grafting
Stem cutting—a portion of the stem that
contins a terminal bud or lateral buds is cut
and placed in growing media to produe
roots.

E.g sinegnelas ,
macopa, blcack peper ,
vanilla, kapok
Leaf cuttings
Consist of a leaf blade or leaf blade
with petiole
Leaf without a Petiole. This method is used for
plants with thick, fleshy leaves.
Leaf-bud cutting
Consist of a leaf, petiole, and a short
piece of stem with a lateral bud.
BUDDING
•Transfer of A bud from one
plant to another plant of the same
species
•Although the concept between
various method is the same, the
precise cuts made in each sere
different purposes
 LAYERING
Air layering/marcotting

Air layering is a propagation

method for woody plants that
allows you to root branches
while still attached to the
parent plant. It is useful for
plants that are hard to
propagate by cuttings or if
you want your new plant to
have a larger size than could
be accomplished by taking
cuttings.
Simple layering Simple layering is one of the
easiest methods of propagating
new plants. Unlike cuttings,
which have to survive on their
own, layered shoots are
encouraged to form roots while
still attached to the parent
plant.

The propagation of plants

by bending a stem to the
ground and covering the
tip with soil so that roots
and new shoots may
develop.
Serpentine layering
Simple layering repeated over
and over again with the same
stem - simply snake it in and out
of the soil. Care for the layered
plant is similar to that used for
plants propagated by simple
layering.
Mound layering
Layering has evolved as a common means of
vegetative propagation of numerous species in natural
environments. Layering is also utilized by
horticulturists to propagate desirable plants. Natural
layering typically occurs when a branch touches the
ground, whereupon it produces adventitious roots.
Separation and division
Take mature plants that were
stolon's or offspring from a parent
plant and separate.
Tissue culture

Tissue culture often called micropropagation)

is a special type of asexual propgation where

a very small piece of tissue is excised and

placed in a sterile culture in a test tube, petri

dish or tissue culture containing a special

culture medium.
 The advantages of plant tissue culture

1. It can create a large number of clones from a single explant.

2. It is easy to select desirable traits directly from the culture

setup(in vitro), thereby decreasing the amount of space required
for field trials.

3. The time required is much shortened, no need to wait for the

whole life cycle of seed development

4. For species that have long generation time, low levels of

seed production, or seeds that do not readily germinate, rapid
propagation is possible.
Grafting

Grafting is a method of asexual propagation

widely used in agriculture and horticulture

where the tissues of one plant are encourage to

fuse with those of another in such a way so that

maximum cambial contact takes place.

 To understand the grafting

Rootstock:
That part of a tree which becomes the root system
of a grafted or bedded tree.

Scion :
A piece of last years growth with three or four
buds; the part inserted n the under stock.

Cambium:
The growing part of the tree; located between the
wood and bark.
 Types of grafting

 Cleft grafting
 Bark graft
 Side-veneer graft
 Splice graft
 Whip and tongue graft
 Saddle graft
 Bridge graft
 Inarch graft
 Approach graft
 Cleft graft
 One of the simplest and the most popular
forms of grafting,
 Cleft grafting is a method for top working both
flowering and fruiting trees in order to change
varieties,
 He rootstock used for cleft grafting should
range from 1 to 4 inches in diameter and
should be straight,
 The scion should be abou ¼ inch in diameter,
straight, and long enough to have three buds.
 Bark graft

• This technique can be applied to rootstock of larger diameter (4 to 12

inches)

• Cot surface of the rootstock and make a vertical slit through the

bark where the scion can be inserted (2 inches long and spaced 1

inch apart.

• Prepare several scion for each graft. Cut the base of each scion to a 1

½ o 2 inch tapered wedge on one side only.

 Side/Veneer graft
• Usually done on potted rootstock
• Make a shallow downward cut about ¾ inch to 1
inch long at the base of the stem on the potted
rootstock to exposed a flap of bark with some
wood still attached.
• Make an inward cut at the base so that the flap of
bark and wood can be removed from the rootstock
• Choose a scion with a diameter the same as or
slightly smaller than rootstock. Make a sloping cut
¾ to 1 inch long at the base of the scion.
 Spice graft
• In splice grafting, both the stock and scion
must be of the same diameter .
• Cut off the rootstock using a diagonal cur ¾ to
1 inch long
• Make the same type of cu at the abse of the
scion. Fit the scion to the stock
• Wrap this junction securely with a rubber
grafting strip or twine.
 Whip and tongue graft
• Both the rootstock and scion
should be of equal size and
preferably no more than ½ inch in
diameter.
• Cut off the stock using a diagonal
cut.
• Make the same kind of cut at the
base of the scion
 Saddle graft
• Both rootstock and scion should be the same
diameter
• Stock should not be more than 1 inch in diameter
• Using two opposing upward strokes of the grafting
knife, sever the top from the rootstock. The resulting
cut should resemble an inverted V, with the surface
of the cuts ranging from ½ to 1 inch long
• Now reverse the technique to prepare the base of
the scion
 Approach graft
• Approach grafting is a method used to propagate
plants in which one independent plant is fused with
another independent plant. It is usually done when
two plants grow close to each other.

• At the point where the two plants will join, a 1-2 inch
long slice of bark is cut on each stem.

• The two stems are bound together, with the cut areas
touching, using any wrapping material.
 Advantages of grafting
Dwarfing: to induce or cold tolerance or other characteristics to

the scion

Ease of propagation: because the scion is dificult to propagate

vegetatively by other means, such as by cuttings.

Hybrid seedlings : to speed maturity of hybrids in fruit tree

breeding programs. Hybrid seedlings may take teen or more

years to lower and fruit on their own roots.

Grafting can reduce the time to flowering and shorten the

breeding program.