Personal Protective

Equipment and Tool

Safety
Joe Nail

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 1

 Introduction to PPE
Employees must be protected from harm.
Common methods for doing this are
Engineering Controls, Work Practices,
Administrative Controls and, Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE). Sometimes
one or more of the above is used and at
times all are used to provide adequate
protection. When only PPE is used, the
PPE is the only thing protecting the
employee from the danger. This unit
discusses basic types of PPE and the
employer requirements.
06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 2
 What is personal protective
equipment?
 Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is
designed to protect employees from serious
workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from
contact with chemical, radiological, physical,
electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards.
Besides face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, and
safety shoes, PPE includes a
variety of devices and garments such as goggles,
coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators.

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two

 Employer’s Responsibilities
(OSHA Subpart I:1910.132-140)
What Kind of PPE Approved PPE
Maintained PPE Training to use PPE
OSHA’s primary PPE standards are in Title 29 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR), Part 1910 Subpart I, and equivalent regulations in states
with OSHA-approved state plans, but you can find PPE requirements
elsewhere in the General Industry Standards. For example, 29 CFR 1910.156,
OSHA’s Fire Brigades Standard, has requirements for firefighting gear. In
addition, 29 CFR 1926.95-106 covers the construction industry. OSHA’s
general PPE requirements mandate that employers conduct a hazard
assessment of their workplaces to determine what hazards are present that
require the use of PPE, provide workers with appropriate PPE, and require
them to use and maintain it in sanitary and reliable condition. As an employer,
you must assess your workplace to determine if hazards are present
that require the use of PPE.

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 4

 1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment
 (2)The employer shall verify that the required workplace
hazard assessment has been performed through a written
certification that identifies:
 The workplace evaluated;
 The person certifying that the evaluation has been
performed;
 The date(s) of the hazard assessment; and,
 Which identifies the document as a certification of hazard
assessment
 New Employee Orientation

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 6

 Employer’s Responsibilities
1910.132(f) Training
 If such hazards are present, you must select PPE and require employees to
use it, communicate your PPE selection decisions to your employees, and
select PPE that properly fits your workers. You must also train employees
who are required to wear PPE on how do the following:

 Use PPE properly,

 Be aware of when PPE is necessary,
 Know what kind of PPE is necessary,
 Understand the limitations of PPE in
 protecting employees from injury,
 Don, adjust, wear, and care for PPE, and
 Maintain PPE properly.

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 7

 Employee’s
 Responsibilities
Inspect Maintain Report Defects

Employees should look at their equipment on a daily basis to

make sure it is good working order. This is the responsibility of
each employee.

PPE, especially eye wear and face masks, should be cleaned

daily by the person who wears it.

The employee must reports any problems with PPE, as well as

other protective equipment, as soon as it is detected.

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 8

 1910.132(f) Training
 (2)Workers must demonstrate an understanding of the
training and the ability to use PPE properly, before being
allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE:
 (4)Verify that each employee has received and understood the
required training through a written certification that contains:
 The name of each employee trained,
 The date(s) of training, and that
 Identifies the subject of the certification
 1910.138(a) General requirements
 Employers shall select and require employees
to use appropriate hand protection when
employees' hands are exposed to hazards such
as those from:
 Skin absorption of harmful substances;
 Severe cuts or lacerations;
 Severe abrasions;
 Punctures;
 Chemical burns;
 Thermal burns; and
 Harmful temperature extremes
Introduction to PPE
 Hand Protection

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 11

Introduction to PPE

 Head
Protection
Early Hard Hats were made
of metal

Webbing: 1 inch
clearance

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 12

 1910.135(a) General requirements

 (1)Ensure that each employee

wears a protective helmet
when working in areas where
there is a potential for injury to
the head from falling objects
 Classes and types of Hard hats
 Type I hard hats - intended to Classes
 G (old A)
reduce the force of impact resulting  General
from a blow to the top of the head  2,200 volts

 Type II hard hats - designed to  E (old B)

provide protection against both side  Electrical
 20,000 volts
impact (lateral) and blows to the top
of the head  C (same)
 Conductive
 1910.135(b) Criteria for protective
helmets

 (1)Protective
helmets purchased
after July 5, 1994
shall comply with
ANSI Z89.1-1986
 Introduction to PPE
 Care of a Hard Hat

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 16

Introduction to PPE
 Eye Protection
 Glasses

 Goggles

Z 87.1-1989

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 17

 Introduction to PPE
 Face Protection

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 18

 PPE 1910.95
Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be
provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in
Table G-16.
Hearing Protection: Reusable and Disposable

Reusable Ear Plugs

Ear Muffs
Ear Protection and
Communication
06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 19
 Table G-16
Exposure Hours per Day Sound Level in dBA
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1 1/2 102
1 105
1/2 110
¼ or less 115

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 20

 1910.136(a) General requirements
 Ensure that each affected
employee uses protective
footwear when working
in areas where there is:
 A danger of foot injuries due to
falling or rolling objects, or
 Objects piercing the sole, and
 Where such employee's feet are
exposed to electrical hazards
 Introduction to PPE
 Foot Protection

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 22

 1910.136(b) Criteria for protective footwear

 (1)Protective footwear purchased after July 5,

1994 shall comply with ANSI Z41-1991,
"American National Standard for Personal
Protection-Protective Footwear,"
 Introduction to PPE
 Foot Protection(continued)

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 24

 Introduction to PPE
 Foot Protection(continued)

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 25

 Safety Harness
 Limits a fall to only a feet

 Must be supplied by employer

 Employee MUST be trained on how to use

 Requires a written program

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 26
 Introduction to PPE
 Respiratory Protection

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 27

 Respiratory Protection
 Filter Respirators
 Air-Purifying-particles and gases
 Particulate-dusts and mists

Atmosphere-Supplying-Respirators
Supplied Air
Self Contained

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 28

 1910.134(c)(1) Respiratory
protection program
 Where respirators are required you need:
 Written program
 Worksite-specific procedures
 Required elements:
 Training
 Fit testing
 Medical evaluations
 Care and maintenance
 Procedures for respirator selection
 Procedures for routine & emergency use
 1910.134(c)(2) Where respirator use is not
required:
 (i)If voluntary respirator use is permissible, provide the
respirator users with the information contained in
Appendix D and,
 (ii)Establish and implement those elements of a written
respiratory protection program* necessary to ensure that
any employee using a respirator voluntarily is medically
able to use that respirator
 (ii)That the respirator is cleaned, stored, and maintained
so that its use does not present a health hazard to the
user

*Written program not required for voluntary use of dust masks

 Introduction to PPE
 Atmosphere Supplying
Respirators

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 31

 SCBA
 Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

 Used in Low Oxygen Environments like

Confined Spaces as defined by OSHA

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 32

 Part Two-Hand Tools
 Defective Tools
 Wrong Tool for the Job
 Improperly Maintained Tool
 Tool in the Wrong Place
 Incorrect Body Positioning

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 33

 Hand Tools
 Defective Tools

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 34

 Hand Tools
 Wrong Tool for the Job

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 35

 Hand Tools
 Incorrect Use

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 36

 Hand Tools
 Wrong Place (storage practices)
 Wrong Body Positioning

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 37

 Hand Tools
 Screwdrivers

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 38

 Hand Tools
 Wrenches

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 39

 Hand Tools
 Pliers

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 40

 Hand Tools
 Hammers and Mallets

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 41

 Hand Tools
 Chisels and Punches

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 42

 Hand Tools
 Knives

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 43

 Hand Tools
 Electric Tools and Electrical Safety

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 44

 Hand Tools
 Pneumatic Tools

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 45

 Hand Tools
 Gasoline Powered Tools and
Equipment

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 46

 General Safety Precautions
 Keep all tools in good condition
with regular maintenance
 Use the right tool for the right job
 Inspect each tool for damage
before use
 Operate according to the
manufacturer’s instructions
 Provide and use proper personal
protective equipment

47
General Safety Precautions

Responsibility of the employer

 PPE provision and monitoring
 Safe work procedures
 Safe condition of tools including
personal tools

48
 Hand Tools
 Non powered
 Largest hazard
 Misuse

 Improper maintenance

 Safe use
 Direction of knives and blades

 Sharp knives and blades

 Safe working surfaces

49
 Power Tools

 Classification by power source

 Electric
 Pneumatic
 Liquid Fuel
 Hydraulic
 Powder Actuated

50
 Power Tools (cont.)

 1926.304(d)
 Upper blade guard

 Lower blade guard

 Automatically returns to
starting position

51
 Power Tools (cont.)

 1926.300(d)(2)
 Equipped with a momentary
contact “on-off” control and
may have a lock-on control
provided.
 However, that turnoff must be
accomplished by a single
motion of the same finger or
fingers that turn it on.

52
 Power Tools (cont.)
 Momentary Contact “on/off” switch
 Drills
 Tappers
 Fasteners
 Drivers
 Grinders – Greater than 2” in dia.
 Disc and Belt Sanders
 Reciprocating Saws
53
 Power Tools (cont.)
 Positive “on/off” controls
 Disc Sanders – w/ discs 2” in dia. Or less
 Routers
 Trimmers
 Shears
 Jig Saws – w/ blade ¼” wide or less

54
 Power Tools (cont.)

ON POSITION OFF POSITION

55
 Power Tools (cont.)
 Never carry tools by cords
 Never pull cords to disconnect
 Disconnect tools when not in use
or during maintenance
 Secure work with vice or clamp
 Allows two hands for working

 Follow users manual instructions

56
 Power Tools (cont.)

 Proper apparel
 NO loose clothing, hair, or jewelry

 Tag all damaged tools “Out of Service” or discard them

 Keep blades and knives sharpened

57
Electric Tools (cont.)

58
Electric Tools (cont.)

Double-Insulated Marking

59
 Powered Abrasive Wheels

 Flying fragments
 Wear proper PPE

 Ring test – 1926.303(c)(7)

 Mounting
 Follow manufacturer’s instructions

60
 Abrasive Wheels (cont.)

Maximum RPM
61
Abrasive Wheels (cont.)

180 deg

62
 Powder Actuated Tools
 1926.302(e)
 Meet ANSI A10.3 – 1970

 PPE

 Eye Protection
 Head and face depending on conditions
 Proper training required

63
 Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)
 1926.302(e)
Concret
 Fasteners used in tool e
specifically designed
Concrete/
for that tool
wood
 Designed for the
material that is being Wood
driven into
Specific size = Specific operation

64
 Charges used in
powder actuated tools

Right size charge with right size fastener

65
 Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)

 Tools must be inspected before use

 Defective tools taken out of service immediately

 Tools not loaded until just before intended firing

Loaded or empty tools are never to be pointed at anyone

66
 Powder Actuated Tools (cont.)
 1926.302(e)(7) Fasteners not driven into:
 Very hard or brittle materials
 Cast iron
 Glazed tile
 Surface-hardened steel
 Glass block
 Live rock
 Face brick
 Hollow tile
67
 Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
 Inspection:
 Make sure it’s clean

 All parts must operate freely

 The barrel is free from obstructions

68
 Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
 Firing
 Keep hands clear of the barrel
 5 pounds of force against working material

 Misfires
 Wait 30 seconds
 Try firing again
 Wait another 30 sec.
 Remove the cartridge
 Place in water

69
 Powder Actuated Tools (cont)
 Defects
 Tag “do not operate”

 Remove from service

70
 “FATAL FACT”

Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder

actuated tool. Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form
in preparation for pouring a concrete wall.

71
 “FATAL FACT”
Employees performing remodeling operations building a wall.
Operator was attempting to anchor plywood to a 2”x 4” stud. The
nail penetrated the stud and struck the victim. One worker killed
when struck by a nail from a powder-actuated tool.

72
 Pneumatic Tools
 Appropriate PPE
 Eye Protection

 Hearing Protection

 Other Employees

73
 Pneumatic Tool
Connections
UNACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE

HOSE CLAMP

74
 REVIEW
 1.  What must your employer provide in addition to the appropriate PPE?
 2.  What is the employee’s responsibility before using PPE?
 3.   What is the greatest danger when wearing loose fitting clothing on the job?
 4.   How long should you shower if you come into contact with a dangerous chemical?
 5.   How much clearance should a hard hat webbing provide between your head and the top of
the shell?
 6.   Give the type of eye protection that protects from debris approaching from multiple angles?
 7.   What units are used to measure noise?
 8.    In what areas should disposable ear plugs NOT be used?
 9. Before entering a confined space, the workers safety harness is attached to a __________.
 10. What kind of respirator is worn in areas that contain little or no oxygen?
 11. What is the first thing to do before using any tool?
 12. Which of the “jaws” is the strongest on the crescent wrench?
 13. What is the name given to the wrench that IS meant to be struck with a hammer?
 14. What do you call the condition of wear that refers to a badly worn striking surface?
 15. When should you use a mallet in place of a hammer?
 16. What is the difference between a regular knife and a safety knife?
 17. What is the most important feature of an electrical power tool?
 18. What is the greatest hazard with electrical tools?
 19. State the purpose of a dead man switch.
 20. When using compressed air for removing dirt, what should the maximum pressure be?
  

06/08/23 Industrial Safety Lecture Two 75