OBJECTIVES:

 Identify and describe the parts of the

respiratory system
 Determine the role of each part during
respiration.
 Explain the mechanism of breathing.
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

EXCHANGE OF GASES

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

What is Human Respiration?
 The human respiratory system allows one to
obtain oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
 Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration
and expiration
 Inspiration or Inhalation- the process of

taking in air :oxygen (O2)

 Expiration or Exhalation- the process of

blowing out air :Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Human Respiratory System

Figure 10.1
 Organs in the Respiratory System
STRUCTURE FUNCTION

 warms, moistens, & filters air as it is

nose / nasal cavity
inhaled

pharynx (throat)  passageway for air, leads to trachea

 the voice box, where vocal chords are

larynx
located

 keeps the windpipe "open"

 trachea is lined with fine hairs called
trachea (windpipe)
cilia which filter air before it reaches the
lungs

 two branches at the end of the trachea,

bronchi
each lead to a lung

 a network of smaller branches leading from

bronchioles the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs

 the functional respiratory units in the lung

alveoli
where gases are exchanged
Components of the Upper
Respiratory Tract

Figure 10.2
 Upper Respiratory Tract
Functions

 Passageway for respiration

 Receptors for smell
 Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign
material
 Moistens and warms incoming air
 Resonating chambers for voice (voice box)
Components of the Lower
Respiratory Tract

Figure 10.3
 Lower Respiratory Tract

 Functions:
 Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food
and air appropriately, assists in sound production
 Trachea: transports air to and from lungs

 Bronchi: branch into lungs

 Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange

 Alveoli: Gas exchange occurs

Gas Exchange Between the Blood
and Alveoli

Figure 10.8A
Respiratory Cycle

Figure 10.9
 Four Respiration Processes

 Breathing (ventilation): Oxygen in to and Carbon

Dioxide out of the lungs
 External respiration: gas exchange between air
and blood (what can be exposed to the outside
of the body)
 Internal respiration: gas exchange between
blood and tissues (what cannot be exposed to
the outside of the body)
 Cellular respiration: oxygen used to produce ATP
(energy), carbon dioxide is the waste product –
Where does this process occur?
Measurement of Lung Capacity

Figure 10.10A