GENERAL CONCEPTS AND SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS

Historical Antecedents in which Social

Considerations changed the course of
Science and Technology

prepared by

Professor: Jeffrey M. Valdez, LPT, MAED

Learning Outcomes

 Discuss the interactions between

Science and Technology and
society throughout history.
 Discuss how scientific and
technological development affect
society and the environment.
 Explain why paradigm shifts is
important in Science.
Essential Questions…

1.How Science and Technology

has changed over the past
centuries?
2.How scientific and technological
developments affect society?
3.How will you compare the
distribution of information
between digital age and ancient
age?
Antecedents in Ancient
Period

• Ancient civilization paved the way for

advances in Science and Technology.

• These advances during the ancient period

allowed civilization to flourish by finding
better ways to communication,
transportation, navigation, record keeping,
mass production and ways of living.
Other concerns in relation
during the Ancient times
 Security and protection
 Health
 Aesthetics
 Architecture
Three-age Scientific Industrial Informatio
system Revolution Revolution n Age
Ancient Age: Three Age System

Prehistorical Periods (Murray, 2007)

STONE BRONZE IRON

2.5 mya-3000 BC 3,000 – 1,200 BC 1,500 BC- 450 AD
Period of weapons made Tools and weapons were Tools were made of iron.
of stone, wood, bone and already widely made with
other materials. copper and bronze
 Bronze Iron
Age Stone Age Age Age
Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic

Lower Middle Upper

Dating 2.5 mya- 200,000- 50,000-10, 10, 000 – 3,000 BC 3,000 – 1,500 BC-
200, 000 50, 00 BC 000 BC 1,200 BC 450 AD
BC

Reference:
Abastillas, V. (2006)
Science & Technology in Western European Civilization
a. Life, Society, and Industry during Medieval Times
b. Science and Technology in the Medieval Europe
Feudalism
Social and economical
structure typical from Middle
Ages

Reciprocal legal and military

obligations among the
warrior nobility with three
key concepts: Lords, vassals
and fiefs.
Middle Age (450-1450 AD)
Major developments in Science and Technology in some parts of the World
(Abastillas, 2006)

China Europe India

Agriculture and Economy  Science
Economy Education (Cathedral
Science (Physics, School/University)
Mathematics, Technology
Astronomy, Medical Medicine
Biology
Technology
Pre-Columbian America(450-1450 AD)
Their contributions to Science and Technology are summarized (Abastillas, 2006)

Mayan (Ancient natives Aztec (Pre-Columbian Inca (Pre-Columbian of

of Central America) Indians of Mexico) Peru

Infrastructures Astronomy Agriculture

Economy Astronomy
Astronomy
Antecedents in Ancient
Period

1. Ancient wheel
2. Paper (papyrus plant)
3. shadoof
 Paradigm shifts in History
What is Paradigm?

• A typical example or pattern of something.

• A distinct set of concepts or thought patterns
including theories, research methods and
standards for what constitutes legitimate
contributions to a field.
• A concept identified by the American physicist
and philosopher Thomas Kuhn.
• A fundamental change of scientific discipline.
(The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962)

Kuhn's Cycle: Paradigms and Criticism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yn8cCDtVd5w
Scientific Revolution (1440-1690 AD)
This period refers to the great scientific intellectual achievements that led to radical
changes in scientific inquiries.

Scientific Revolutions Description

1. Universe Model (by Nicholas 1. Sun as the center of the Universe

Copernicus) 2. Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical (not
2. Law of Planetary Motion (Johannes circular)
Kepler) 3. Relations among distance, velocity, acceleration
3. Works of Motion (by Galileo Galilei) and law of inertia
4. Laws of Motion (by Isaac Newton) 4. Inertia, Acceleration and Interaction
5. Law of Universal Gravitation (by Isaac 5. A+-
Newton)
Industrial Revolution (1750-1895 AD)
It covers the complex
technological innovations that led
to the substitution of machines
and inanimate power for human
skill and animal forces. (Abastillas,
2006)
18th to 19th Century This gradually shifted to
development stage during the
19th century when Science,
Technology and industry united at
a common ground and cause.
20th Century
Several scientific theories
were introduced and had
influenced technological
works in this century.
Some important inventions
which were based highly on
various scientific theories.
Information Age

• The period of human history typically

described by the change from traditional
industry to an economy-based
information computerization.
• Age, digital age or new Media age.
• It is coupled with the birth of personal
computers. It is also the era with easy
access on any piece of information
(Stacy, 2008)
 Information Age- Johannes Gutenberg

The Pre-Gutenburg The Gutenburg The Post-Gutenburg

World Revolution World
-Books were written -Introduction of -Internet and the
and produced by hand. printing. worldwide web.
 Johannes
Gutenburg
A German blacksmith and publisher who
introduced “movable type printing” in
Europe
1. Computers
2. The internet
3. World wide web
4. E-mail
5. Facebook
6. Twitter
7. Messenger
8. YouTube
9. Google
10.Instagram
Additional resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJM3MRvGn-g

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbUlm4TUZ3A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L70T4pQv7P8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4ip-kMn4Js

https://prezi.com/p/lta-0osnzffu/sts-history-of-scienc
e-and-technology-in-the-philippines/

https://www.slideshare.net/memijecruz/historical-ant
ecedents-of-science-and-technology-152541982