Introduction to virology

 virus, virion, viriod, prion, capsid, nucleocapsid,

envelope, spike, viral attachment protein (VAP),
receptor, abortive infection, budding, defective
virus, defective interfering particle (DIP),
genetic reassortment, Complementation,
interference, viremia, vertical transmission, CPE,
inapparent (subclinical) infection, acute
infection, persistent infection, chronic infection,
latent infection, slow virus infection, carrier,
opportunistic infection
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 Characteristics of viral genomes
 Types of capsid symmetry
 Cycle of virus replication
 mRNA transcription/genome replication of
viruses, like ds DNA, ss RNA (sense and
antisense, and retro-viruses
 Pathways of viral transmission

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 Respiratory viruses
 Viruses causing respiratory infections
 Structure of Influenza viruses, function of
HA/NA
 Genome structure, antigenic drift/shift and their
significance, yearly epidemic and pandemic
 Immunity from infections with measles and
mumps viruses
 Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)

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 GI infection viruses
 Important members of enterovirus (polioviruses,
Coxsackie viruses)
 Infection with Enteroviruses (transmission, feature of
pathogenesis, diseases caused)
 Poliomyelitis:
 Sabin & Salk vaccines

 Viruses causing acute Gastroenteritis, their transmission

Rotavirus, Norwalk virus, Astrovirus, Enteric
adenovirus

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 Arboviruses and HMF viruses
 JEV and Dengue viruses, their transmission
and diseases caused
 ADE effect
 Transmission and disease caused by
Hantavirus, Ebola virus

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 Hepatitis viruses
 Comparison of A-E hepatitis viruses
 Transmission and immunity of HAV, HEV
 HBV
 Biological properties, genome
structure/replication, and transmission
 Three forms of viral particles
 Significance of serological test in diagnosis
(different viral antigens and antibodies)
 Transmission and pathogenesis of HCV
 Co-infection and superinfection of HDV,
defective virus
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 Herpesviruses
 Common properties of Herpesviruses and the
sites to keep latent infection
 Transmission and diseases caused.

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 Retroviruses
 Properties of retroviruses
 Structure of HIV virion and viral genome
 Replication of HIV, proteins encoded by gag,
env and pol genes
 Role of gp120, gp41, CD4, CCR5/CXCR4 in
HIV infection
 Transmission of HIV
 Pathogenesis and immunity of HIV infection,
AIDS
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 Other viruses
 Rabies and viral transmission, Negri’s body
 Nature of Prions, common diseases caused

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 Fungi
 Properties of fungi, hyphae, Pseudohyphae
 Morphology of fungi: yeast, mould and
dimorphic fungi
 Pathogenesis of fungi: three types
 Candida albicans and Cryptococcus
neoformans

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