CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

BASIC APPROACHES

PRIMARY CONCERN OF
PENOLOGY:
WHAT TO DO WITH THE
PRISONERS?
 BASIC APPROACHES

Old approach:
Elimination/Banishment
 BASIC APPROACHES

New approach:
Give chance/Give humane
treatment
 BASIC APPROACHES

New approach:
Give chance/Give humane
treatment
 THREE MAIN SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT OR
APPROACHES REGARDING TREATMENT OF
CRIMINALS

1. Classical
2. Neo-classical
3. Positive or Italian
 CLASSICAL

Classical – focus on the crime, not

on the criminal offender
- punishment is standardized and
proportioned to the gravity and
nature of offense.
 CLASSICAL

- It assumes that every individual has

free will and knows the penal law.
- It postulates that man is a rational and
calculating being who acts with
reference to feelings of pleasure and pain
 CLASSICAL

- Thus he will refrain from criminal acts if

the punishment imposed is sufficient to
cancel hope of possible gain or advantage.
- The general proposition is that “it is
necessary to make undesirable acts
painful by attaching punishment to them
 CLASSICAL

and to make the amount of pain thus entirely different

so that a prospective criminal could make his
calculation on it and make it just sufficient so that the
pain would exceed the pleasure”
- The imposition of punishment must be the same for
all individuals regardless of age, mentality, social status
and other personal conditions of the criminal offenders.
 NEO-CLASSICAL

- This approach to penology arose at the time of

the French Revolution and the period
immediately thereafter.
- it argues that since children and lunatic
persons cannot calculate pleasure and pain, they
should be regarded as criminals and as such they
should not be punished.
 NEO-CLASSICAL

- The reaction to crime is no longer punitive.

The punishment imposed on some lawbreakers
but not on others.
-By implication, individual responsibility was
taken into account.
- Considers the psychology and sociology of
crime
 POSITIVE / ITALIAN

- Views crime as social

phenomenon and attaches
importance to the criminal
offenders.
 POSITIVE / ITALIAN

- Considers criminal as a sick

person who needs not to be
punished but to be treated for his
cure
 WHAT ARE JAILS?

Jails are primarily adult penal institutions

used for the detention of law violators.
- original functions: to house pre-trial
detainees or as a place for the detention
of accused persons
 JAILS; THEIR PURPOSE

The detention was either:

1. for the accused person’s safety
and security, or
2. to secure him for expeditious
legal proceedings by the court.
 JAILS; THEIR USES

Later, jails came into use for the

service of short-term sentences.
 JAILS FOR DETAINEES AND CONVICTS

Today, jails continue the dual role as a place of

detention for those awaiting final disposition of
criminal action and for the service of short
sentences of not more than 6 months, for those
categorized as city or municipal prisoners, and
not more than 3 years
 JAILS FOR DETAINEES AND CONVICTS

or with a fine of not more than one

thousand pesos, for those
categorized as provincial prisoners.
 THREE TYPES OF DETAINEES

Three Types of Detainees

1. Those undergoing preliminary
investigation;
2. Those awaiting or undergoing trial; and
3. Those awaiting final judgment.
 JAIL VERSUS PRISON

A “jail” is defined as a place of

confinement for inmates under
investigation or undergoing trial,
or serving short-term sentences.
 JAIL VERSUS PRISON

term “prison” which refers to the

national prisons or penitentiaries
managed and supervised by the
Bureau of Corrections, an agency
under the Department of Justice.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

The Correctional System in the Philippines

is composed of six agencies under three
distinct and separate departments of the
national government:
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL

GOVERNMENT - under this are the Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) which
runs the city, municipal, and district jails; and the
provincial jails through their respective provincial
governments.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE

AND DEVELOPMENT - under this is
Juvenile and Justice Welfare Council
which oversees the rehabilitation of young
offenders.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE - under this are

the:
1. Bureau of Corrections,
2. Parole and Probation Administration
3. Board of Pardons and Parole.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

Offenders convicted by the courts to serve

sentences of three years or more are kept at the
prison facilities of the Bureau of Corrections: they
are classified as national prisoners. those meted
with lighter sentences, as well as those with pending
cases before the regional trial courts, are confined
in Provincial jails under the local government;
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

while those awaiting trial in municipal trial

courts or serving light penalties (e.g.,
infraction of city or municipal ordinances)
are detained in city, municipal or district
jails under the Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

Juvenile delinquents are normally sent to Youth

Rehabilitation Centers under the Juvenile Justice
and Welfare Council pursuant to R.A. 9344
unless the sentencing judge specifically orders for
them to be confined at the national penitentiary,
as in cases where the juvenile convict acted with
discernment or the offense committed was grave.
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS

The Bureau of Corrections

was founded in 1905
 BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS

Headed by a Director

strength of 2,362 employees, 61% of whom are

custodial officers, 33% are administrative
personnel and 6% are members of the medical
staff. 
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

BuCor has its principal task which is the

rehabilitation of national prisoners, or those
sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of
more than three years.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

The agency has seven (7) operating units

located nationwide, namely:
1. The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City;
2. The Correctional Institution for Women
(CIW) in Mandaluyong City;
3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto
Princesa City, Palawan;
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

4. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in

Occidental Mindoro;
5. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in
Zamboanga City;
6. Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte;
and
7. Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo,
Davao Province.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City

This was formerly Old Bilibid Prison (est.
June 25, 1865) in Manila.
Occupied on November 15, 1940 by
transferred prisoners from Old Bilibid
Prison.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City

 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City

Consists of Maximum Security Compound
and Medium Security Camp
Population: 26,877 prisoners, cap: 17,719
Prison Reservation: 587 hectares
The camp houses death convicts and inmates
sentenced to life term, also those with pending
numerous cases, multiple convictions and sentences of
more than 20 years.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

The Correctional Institution for Women

(CIW) in Mandaluyong City
On February 14, 1931, the women
prisoners were transferred from Old Bilibid
Prison.
Prison reservation: 18 hectares
Population: 3,196 prisoners; cap. 2,925
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

The Correctional Institution for Women

(CIW) in Mandaluyong City
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto

Princesa City, Palawan
During the Spanish Regime, Puerto
Princesa was designated as a place where
offenders sentenced to banishment were
exiled.
Iwahig Prison was established on
November 16, 1904.
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto

Princesa City, Palawan
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa

City, Palawan
Originally served as a depository for prisoners
who could not be accommodated at the Old Bilibid
Prison in Manila.
Prison reservation: 26,000 hectares in 4 districts.
One of the largest open jails in the world.
Population: 2,600 prisoners; cap 30K
 CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City,

Palawan
Prisoners have opportunity to cultivate little lots of
land for good conduct and industry. Three classes of
colonists were established, the lowest being the newly
arrived convicts, followed by a middle class living in the
Home Zone on a two-hectare plot where they could
build a house and live with their family, and finally the
top class living in the Free Zone, also with 2 hectares of
land.