Grade 9

Banzon/Agapito
Mrs. Nimfa N. Labiste
Applied Chemistry
Teacher
 REVIEW: TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• A combination reaction, also known as a synthesis reaction, is a reaction in which two or
more substances combine to form a single new substance.
• A decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more
simpler substances.
• A single-replacement reaction is a reaction in which one element replaces a similar element
in a compound.
• A double-replacement reaction is a reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two
ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds.
• A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing
energy in the form of light and heat. Combustion reactions must involve O2 as one
reactant.
 EXAMPLE OF
COMBUSTION REACTION

Oxidation is the gain of oxygen

Reduction is the loss of oxygen

Oxidation-
Reduction Reaction
( REDOX)
Most Essential
Learning

RULES IN ASSIGNING
OXIDATION NUMBERS
.
OBJECTIVE
S
 OXIDATION NUMBERS
VS. FORMAL CHARGE
• The difference between an atom or compound’s charge and oxidation
number is a tricky concept to grasp because they are very similar, and
actually the same, in many cases. A charge is when an element gains or
loses an electron, causing it to be positive or negative. I’m sure by this
point we all know that certain groups on the periodic table tend to have
certain charges when they form a compound. However, charges can only
exist within ionically-bonded compunds.
• We really don’t need to worry too much about the oxidation numbers of ionic compounds
because they are actually the same as the ion’s charge. For atoms that are bonded covalently,
oxidation numbers are a sort of imaginary charge, as if the molecule was bonded ionically.
Let’s use H2O as an example.Though the electrons are shared, they are shared unequally
because oxygen has a greater attraction for electrons than does hydrogen. For the purpose of
assigning oxidation numbers, we act as if the atom that has a greater pull or attraction
actually possesses all of the electrons, just as one atom in an ionic bond would.
 OXIDATION NUMBER
• Oxidation number, also called oxidation state, the total number of
electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical
bond with another atom.
Rules in Assigning oxidation numbers
 Uncombined elements = 0 Ex: Al(s), Cl2 (g), O3(g)
 The total oxidation number of a neutral Compounds = 0 (CO 2, H2O)
 The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to its charge. Thus the
oxidation number of Cl in the Cl- ion is -1, that for Mg in the Mg2+ ion is +2.
 The oxidation number of alkali metals in compounds is +1, and that of alkaline
earth metals in compounds is +2. The oxidation number of F is -1 in all its
compounds.
 The sum of the oxidation numbers of all of the atoms in a polyatomic ion is
equal to the ionic charge of the complex ion. (H 3O+, OH-)
 The oxidation number of oxygen is always -2, except in peroxides (H2O2)
where it is -1, and when it combined with fluorine (OF2) it is +2.
 The oxidation number of hydrogen is always +1 unless it is combined with a
metal is -1.
1.Uncombined elements = 0
Ex:

Al
Cl2
O3
2.The total oxidation number of a neutral Compounds = 0
(+4)+(-4)=0
Ex.
+4 -2

CO2 (+2)+(-2)=0
+1 -2

(+1+5)+(-6)=0
+1 +5 -2
H2O
KNO3
3.The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to its charge. Thus the oxidation
number of

Cl in the Cl- ion is -1,

+2
Mg in the Mg ion is +2
4. The oxidation number of alkali metals in compounds is +1, and that
of alkaline earth metals in compounds is +2. The oxidation number of F
is -1 in all its compounds.
2+ 1-
Mg F2
 5.The sum of the oxidation numbers of all of the atoms in a
polyatomic ion is equal to the ionic charge of the complex ion.
Ex:

(+3)+(-2)=1
+1 -2
+
HO 3
6.The oxidation number of oxygen is always -2, except in peroxides
(H2O2) where it is -1, and when it combined with fluorine (OF2) it is +2.

(+2)+(-2)=0
+1 -1
H2 O 2
(+2)+(-2)=0
+2 -1

OF2
7.The oxidation number of hydrogen is always +1 unless it is combined
with a metal is -1.
(+2)+(-2)=0
+1 -1

HO 2 2
 Identify the oxidation number of the highlighted
LET US TRY : element/elements,write your answer in the chat box,the 1st one
will be given extra points for recitation.

Na
Ans.0
 (+2)+(+6)+(-8)=0
+1 +6 -2

H2SO4

Ans.+1
+1 +5 -2

HNO 3

Ans.+5
 -1
MnO 4

Ans.+7
PCl 5

Ans.+5
Post test:
What are the oxidation numbers of each of the elements in the following substances?

1.Xe
2.NH3
3.OF2
4.H3O+
-2
5.Cr2O7
• Answer :

1. Xe=0
2. N=-3,H=+1
3. O=+2,F=-1
4. H=+1,O-2
5. Cr=+6,O=-2