The orbit is formed by seven bones and contains the eye. It has openings that allow passage of nerves and vessels. The shape of the orbit resembles a pear, with dimensions that vary by age. The orbit contains the eye, nerves, vessels, fat and other tissues. It has relations superiorly to the brain, posteriorly to the cavernous sinus, and laterally to the paranasal sinuses. Conditions like proptosis, impaired eye movements, and enophthalmos can affect the orbit.
The orbit is formed by seven bones and contains the eye. It has openings that allow passage of nerves and vessels. The shape of the orbit resembles a pear, with dimensions that vary by age. The orbit contains the eye, nerves, vessels, fat and other tissues. It has relations superiorly to the brain, posteriorly to the cavernous sinus, and laterally to the paranasal sinuses. Conditions like proptosis, impaired eye movements, and enophthalmos can affect the orbit.
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The orbit is formed by seven bones and contains the eye. It has openings that allow passage of nerves and vessels. The shape of the orbit resembles a pear, with dimensions that vary by age. The orbit contains the eye, nerves, vessels, fat and other tissues. It has relations superiorly to the brain, posteriorly to the cavernous sinus, and laterally to the paranasal sinuses. Conditions like proptosis, impaired eye movements, and enophthalmos can affect the orbit.
Copyright:
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
TANTA UNIVERSITY Orbit ◆ The eyes lie in 2 bony cavities on either side of the root of the nose, the orbits. ◆ The general shape of the orbit resembles a pear, with the optic nerve its stalk. ◆ It is formed of seven bones; frontal,sphenoid, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid,zygoma, palatine. Orbit ◆A quadrangular prominent bony margin. The base of the pyramid ◆ The apex is formed of the optic N. foramen + Superior orbital F Adult Orbital Dimensions ◆ Horizontal entrance width 40 mm ◆ Vertical entrance height 35 mm ◆ Volume 30 cc ◆ Orbital depth (measured from rim to the optic foramen 40 mm ◆ Distance from back of globe to optic foramen 18 mm ◆ Orbital segment of optic nerve 24 mm Orbital opennings 1. The optic canal: opt. N. 2. Superior orbital fissure: ocular motor nerves III,IV, VI& sensory (trigeminal N), ophthalmic A&V.
3. The inferior orbital fissure
4. The ethmoidal foramina. Superior orbital fissure ◆ makes boundary between lateral orbital wall and roof. ◆ a. Posteriorly communicates with cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa. ◆ b. Transmits: ◆ (1) Oculomotor n. (CN III) ◆ (2) Trochlear n. (CN IV) ◆ (3) Abducens n. (CN VI) ◆ (4) Terminal branches of ophthalmic n. ◆ (5) Superior ophthalmic vein. The optic foramen ◆ The optic foramen contains optic n. and ophthalmic artery. ◆ Together with the SOF they form the orbital apex. Orbital soft tissues ◆ Globe, optic nerve & meninges ◆ Adnexa;lacrimal sac, lac. Gland, EOM ◆ orbital fascia: periorbita, orbital septum, Tennon’s capsule,(facia bulbi) ◆ orbital fat ( supports the orbital contents) ◆ orbital nerves; ocular motor nerves III,IV, VI& sensory (trigeminal N), ◆ orbital vessels. ophthalmic A&V. ORBITAL relations.
1. Frontal lobe of the brain Roof
2. Cavernous sinus orbital apex 3. Paranasal sinuses ◆ The paranasal sinuse are very small at birth and they increase in size through adolescence.
◆ They lie adjacent to the floor, medial wall
and anterior portion of the orbital roof. Orbital walls. ◆ Roof: 2 bones; frontal,sphenoid. Lac. Gland fossa ◆ Medial wall: 4bones; maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid,sphenoid. Lac.sac the 2 medial walls are parallel ◆ Lateral wall: 2bons; zygomatic, sphenoid. ◆ the 2 lateral walls are at right angle ◆ the only wall not related to nasal sinuses ◆ Floor: 3bones; zygomatic, maxilla, palatine ◆ The medial wall and orbital floor are the weakest portions of the orbit. (fracture sites) ◆ The medial orbital wall is the thinnest of all orbital walls particularly in children (transmitting infections) Visual system : Eye & optic N Ocular motility system : EOM Policeman of the orbit: orbital Fat Vessels and nerves Adnexa Impaired ocular movements Axial proptosis Non axial (excentric) proptosis False & true False & true False & true Unilateral & bilateral Adult & child Enophthalmos ◆ An important sign which is usually overlooked or misdiagnosed as contralateral proptosis. ◆ There are three mechanisms that may work singly or in combination; Enophthalmos I. Structural abnormalities: ◆ post-traumatic blow out fracture ◆ congenital orbital bony defects; absent greater wing of sphenoid in nurofibromatosis or maxillary hypoplasia. absent lateral orbital wall Enophthalmos II. atrophy of orbital conntents: ◆ postirradiation for malignancy ◆ Senile or cachexia 3 weeks One year after treatment 2 years after treatment Post radiation Enophthalmos III. Traction: ◆ cicatrizing metastatic carcinoma most frequently from breast. ◆ Postinflammatory cicatrization of EOM as in sclerosing orbital inflammations (pseudotumors syndrome). ◆ Post-surgical shortening of EOM following excessive resection.