Cell signaling

Class: MLS221
Subject: Cell Biology
Lecturer: Abdullahi Mohamud Rage
1 Abdullahi M. Rage
 Cell signalling

Cell signaling is a type of any communication

process that governs the basic activities of cell
and coordinate all cell action.

2 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Interact with the cellular environment and

neighboring.
This involves determining function of the cell
within context of the organism as well as the
response of specific cells or group of cell to the
environment.
3 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Communicate using chemical signals.

These chemical signals, which are protein or

other molecules produced by a sending cell are
often secreted from the cell and released into
extracellular space.

4 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Float like a messenger in a bottle over to

neighboring cell.
When binds to the receptor, it alters the shape or
activity of the receptor, triggering a change
inside the cell.
They are often ligands.
5 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Causes the chain of chemical messenger inside

the cell.
Ultimately, causes change in the activity of cell.
The extracellular signalling is convert to
intracellular signalling.

6 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Errors in cellular information processing are

responsible for diseases such as cancer,
autoimmunity, and diabetes.

7 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Importance of signals:
 Maintenance of homeostasis.
 Control of cell division, cell death, cell
development and growth.
 Adaptation to environment.
 Hormones and other regulatory mediators.
8 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Signal transduction:
 It is a process by which cell receive, propagate
and respond to information from their
environment and each other.
 Transmission across the membrane, converting
extracellular to intracellular signals.
9 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Signal transduction:

10 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Signal transduction:

11 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Types of signalling:
a) Contact dependent.
b) Paracrine.
c) Synaptic.
d) Endocrine.

12 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

Types of signalling:

13 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of signalling
1) Contact dependent:
- Bound to the surface of the signalling cells and
influence only cells that contact it.
- The cell makes direct physical contact with a
target cell with the plasma membrane of the
protein.
14 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of signalling
2) Paracrine:
o Signaling molecules released from the signaling
cell to the extracellular space, targeting cells that
nearby, thus acting as a local mediator.

15 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of signalling
2) Paracrine:
o They act on the cell in the local environment or in
the receptors of own cell it is known as autocrine
signaling.
o Cancer cell often produce extracellular signals that
stimulates their own survival and proliferation.
16 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of signalling
3) Synaptic:
o The synaptic space, these neurotransmitter are
detected by receptors on the postsynaptic
membrane.

17 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of signalling
4) Endocrine:
o The process of endocrine signaling involves a
cell targeting a distant cell through the
bloodstream.
o The signaling molecule is released by one cell,
then travels through the bloodstream to bind to
receptors on distant target cells.
18 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of receptors
4) Cell surface receptors:
 Unable cross the cell membrane, instead they bind
to cell surface receptor.
 Cell surface receptors are also called cell specific
protein or markers because they are specific to
individual cell type.
19 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of receptors

20 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of receptors
4) Intracellular receptors:
 Molecules are hydrophobic, poorly aqueous
soluble. Therefore they are transported in the
blood stream and extracellular fluid bound to
carrier protein, from which they are dissociated
before entering the target cell.
21 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of receptors
4) Intracellular receptors:
 Binds to the receptor protein in the cytosol on in
the nucleus.

22 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Types of receptors

23 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling
Cell is programmed to respond to specific signals:
o Cell integrates all these signals to make decision,
to divide, move, differentiate.
o Cell proliferation often depends on the
combination of signals that promote both cell
division and survival.
24 Abdullahi M.Rage
 Cell signalling

25 Abdullahi M.Rage
 THANK YOU!
?Any Question

Abdullahi M.Rage 26