TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN MINE

MECHANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT: TOWARDS

ENABLING INDUSTRY BY INDUSTRY 4.0 AND
DIGITALIZATION

June 27-30, 2022

 OFF-CAMPUS OUTREACH PROGRAMME OF IIT KHARAGPUR

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN MINE MECHANIZATION

AND MANAGEMENT: TOWARDS ENABLING INDUSTRY BY
INDUSTRY 4.0 AND DIGITALIZATION

Topic : Towards advancement of self-efficacy: Adoption of

Advanced Technologies
Faculty : Prof. K. Pathak
Affiliation: Mining Engineering Department, IIT Kharagpur
 • Setting up goals towards advancement aligning with contemporary technological
advancement
• Identifying areas to attend by engaging appropriate expertize

Self-efficacy is "the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage
prospective situations." In other words, self-efficacy is a person's belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular
situation.
Towards owning technological advancement…..
• Managers’ confidence in their ability to facilitate the development of
employees knowledge, abilities, values and skills in decision making under
situation.

• Administrative efficacy refers to Top Management’s judgement about their

capabilities for influencing engagement and delivery of assigned
responsibilities.

• Technology Evaluation, Modification, Adoption, Monitoring and

Transformation need dynamic management maintaining
uniformity and integration.
Where we are?
Where we want to go from here?
Do you believe
Observation based decision making and investigative observations play
crucial role in mine management.

What, in your view, went well in CIL in the year 2021-2022?

 What do you consider Effective Administration in coal mining
industry in India must ensure ……….
Administrative Efficacy

What do you expect from this course?

ImproveControl
Analyse
Measure
Define

BASIC FRAMEWORK
Areas to Improve through Advanced Technology and Digitalization
 Better Performance and reduction of wastage of sources
 Quality Growth in the area of business case development
 Increasing production and reducing costs while safeguarding the health and safety of
their workers and the environment
 Positive Impact on Management of human resources
 Enhanced Corporate Learning: Transfer of Tacit Information to Explicit information
 Decision making for technological paradigm shift to embrace the new digital technologies
to gain a competitive advantage

Automating machinery operation, planning and scheduling, facilitating predictive

maintenance, improving man, material and asset traceability, harnessing the power of real-
time data and analytics, and providing visibility across the mine-to-market value chain.

Drivers of change and the key to the transformation and future success: People, process and
technology to be connected by digitalization
How to ensure
• Future mines to be carbon neutral, digitalized and
autonomous
• Attracting and retaining the much-needed diversified talent
• Adopting more technologically driven solutions and
encourage innovation in day-to-day operations 
Indian Coal Mines of Tomorrow………
•  Integrated remote operation
centers wherein everything from drill control
to dispatch of trucks in a pit will be monitored
and controlled virtually, thousands of kilometer
away from where the physical assets are located
Digitizing Material Information
• Fully autonomous electric trucks
and machines will bring a high degree of
safety and efficiency to the operations
• Material flow will be modelled
across conveyor belts and
transportation equipment, with
material properties and quality information,
conveyed via automated data interfaces, to Smart mining in action: Real-time environmental
drive operational optimization . recognition, underground localization and positioning
leading to true autonomous navigation [1]
Aachen University’s Institute for Advanced Mining Technologies (AMT),
Emerging Mining Business: digitalization will play a critical role
Australian Framework and Roadmap for Mining Equipment, Technology and Services

Where is the visibility of Indian coal S&T?

The only Department of Mining

Machinery in Indian Institutes
of Higher Education at
erstwhile ISM is now closed at
the IIT(ISM) Dhanbad; when it
required revamping as the true
centre of interdisciplinary
studies for the mining industry
as envisaged in NEP2022.
 Digital transformation and the leap to Industry 4.0 in the mining industry
Knowledge Transformation by digitalization to get Tacit Knowledge to Explicit Knowledge

Explicit knowledge is the systematic and

organized knowledge that organizations possess.
N
TA TIO
M EN SFER
CU N
DO D TRA
AN
Tacit knowledge is the knowledge
you've gained through living
experience, both in your personal
life and professional
development.

It is often subjective, informal,

and difficult to share or express
because it is affected by our
personal beliefs and values.
 Explicit Knowledge Utilisation
• Industrial automation and control systems
• Simulator-training
• Equipment control and guidance
• Advanced mine-surveying technologies
• Underground mining and surface drilling
technologies
• Machine guidance and control systems.

TOWARDS ENABLING INDUSTRY

Digital Transformation • Better return on investment
• Ensuring sustainable development
• Industrial Wellness
• Risk Mitigation
Advancement of Employees’ Efficacy through digital transformation

Four sources of efficacy:
• mastery experiences
• physiological and emotional arousal
• vicarious experience
• social persuasion
Contextual Factors
• Existing organizational structure
• Prevailing politics
• Organizational climate
• General practice
• Role of principal leadership
• Available instructional resources
• Physical space limitations
• Administrators’ attitudes

Employees’ performance is reciprocally related to their perceptions of

their working context, while support from colleagues and community
members is a major source of efficacy.
Leaders efficacy depends on
• preparation,
• organization,
• clarity and ability to demonstrate knowledge of the content
• stimulate interest in others
Towards transformation by

Remote monitoring and control of equipment

• It allows miners to automate industrial processes like blasting, drilling, and
transportation.
• It performs the tasks faster, more accurate, and can cover more area in less time.
• Continuous, consistent operations, improved communications, and reduced
infrastructure leads to efficiency and effectiveness
• It enhances mine site safety by removing personnel from dangerous
environments
 Challenges to Advanced Technology Implementation
• Burden of immaturity
• Need for a common interoperability plan
• Operational technology and information technology must integrate
• Sourcing skilled people with appropriate expertise
• Altered responsibilities
• Equivalent levels of safety
• There’s a skills shortage maintaining electric mining vehicles
o Deciding which technologies should be used in a particular operation, requires a detailed analysis of the
existing problems as well as tailor-made solutions based on the results of the evaluation.
o In addition, a robust and functioning IT infrastructure is an important basis for ensuring secure
communication between different systems and types of equipment.

Connected devices have the

potential to save lives of
workers above and under the
ground
IoT-enabled wearables
• measure worker biometrics, allowing for monitoring of mental
acuity, and can be combined with alerting mechanisms to avoid
fatigue-related incidents
• The SmartCap is contained in a ball cap, which is worn by workers
during their shifts to monitor their fatigue level and detect a
degree of exhaustion that may otherwise go unnoticed
• The advent of sensing devices that feedback increasingly
complex and detailed information has certainly led to fewer
accidents and more productivity on site.

• Using cloud-based data analysis that has efficiently helped

other heavily regulated industries weather the pandemic,
the platform sends information straight to mining site
personnel’s mobile or tablet, and offers insights on items
such as [3]:
 dig unit productivity
 truck payload performance
 dig unit duty and
 operator performance

Smart Helmet for miners offers real-time

diagnostics and data on the location and
health of miners, helping to prevent
accidents.
The main components of an intelligent mine
• Automated equipment. For instance, excavators and dump trucks, shearers and conveyors, drilling
equipment, crushers, bunkers, skips, etc.;

• Hardware, such as sensors, RFID tags, wireless infrastructure, drones, embedded systems; and

• Software, such as cloud and platform solutions, data analysis solutions, 3D imaging and modelling
software, and remote management solutions.

 new technologies such as modular mobile machines and battery-powered electric

vehicles (BEVs), the integration of renewable energy sources or even on-site 3D printing
can help to make the operation of a mine smarter.
 Electric Vehicles and Robotics for Mining 2020-2030
Liebherr and ABB towards electrification of
mine site

Hydraulics and diesel engines are being replaced by electrics for

zero emission, reliability, long life, precision, performance.
Towards self efficacy in mining by advanced technology
• Spatial data visualisation
 Three-dimensional (3D) Modelling 
 Virtual Reality (VR) 
 Augmented Reality (AR) 
• Geographic information systems
 Mineral exploration
 Geochemical and hydrology data
 Report generation
 Facility and tailings management
 Sustainability and regulatory compliance
• Artificial intelligence
 Mineral processing and exploration
 Autonomous vehicles and drillers
 Investment and cost predictions
• Automated drones
 Safety and surveillance in hazardous areas
 Asset management
 Time-lapse photography
 Measuring stockpile inventory
 Infrastructure upkeep and inspection
 Site mapping
What technological changes do you consider your company needs?
• Considering the contemporary technological
advancement and market scenario you need to undertake
a gap analysis to determine degree of transformation and
digitalization in your company.
• Detailed investigation to be initiated at the each colliery
level for GIS based data infrastructure to integrated
performance analysis to determine required expertize for
justified mining
1. Aarti Sörensen and Elisabeth Clausen,  THE FUTURE OF MINING IS SMART, Apr
13, 2021 | Best of Germany, www.amt.rwth-aachen.de/en/conferences.html.
2. Luis Monzon, How Tech is Changing the Mining Industry’s Future, June 22,
2020, https
://www.itnewsafrica.com/2020/06/how-tech-is-changing-the-mining-industrys
-future
/
-
3. https://www.mining-technology.com/sponsored/how-digital-innovation-will-
lead-mining-practices-into-the-future/