1.

Establishing an Internet Connection

• Your computer needs to have an active
internet connection to send an email. This
connection can be established through
various means, such as a wired Ethernet
connection, Wi-Fi, or a cellular network.
 2. Email Client Configuration:

• You need to set up an email client on your

computer, such as Microsoft Outlook,
Mozilla Thunderbird, or a web-based client
like Gmail.

• You can compose, send, and

receive emails with this client. You
must enter the relevant details,
including your email address,
password, and email server
settings, during the setup
procedure
 • 3. Composing the Email

Once your email client is

You can start writing a new email
configured,
after your email client has been
set up

Additionally, you can add any extra

features that are supported by your
email client or attach files.

The title, body, and email address of the

receiver must all be specified.
 • 4. Address Resolution:
Before sending the email, your computer This is typically done through a
needs to determine the IP address of the process called Domain Name
email server responsible for handling System (DNS) resolution.
your outgoing emails.

That's a high-level overview of the

Your computer will send a DNS query to process involved when your computer
a DNS server, which will then return the connected to the internet sends an
IP address associated with the domain email to your friend's computer
name of your email server. connected on a LAN
 5. Establishing a Connection with the Email Server:

Using the IP address obtained from the

DNS resolution, your computer will
establish a connection with the email
server using the Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol (SMTP).

SMTP is a standard protocol used for

sending emails. Your computer will
initiate a TCP/IP connection to the server
on the SMTP port (usually port 25) and
perform a handshake to establish the
connection.
 6. Authenticating and Sending the Email

• Once the connection with the email

server is established, your computer
needs to authenticate itself to prove
that it is authorized to send emails on
behalf of your email address.
• This is usually done by providing your
email address and password to the
server.
• Once authenticated, your computer
will send the email data to the server,
including the recipient's email address,
subject, body, and any attachments.
 7. Email Routing:
Email routing is the process of ensuring that the
right messages get to the right recipients.

The email server will receive the email from

your computer and process it according to the
recipient's email address.

If the recipient's email address is within the

same email server or domain, the server will
route the email internally.

It will determine the appropriate outgoing

email server or relay to forward the email to
reach the recipient's email server.
8. LAN Delivery:

Once the email reaches the recipient's

email server, the server will process the
email and store it in the recipient's mailbox.

If your friend's computer is connected to

the same LAN as the email server, they can
access their email by connecting to the
server and retrieving the email using a
compatible email client or webmail
• 9. Retrieving the Email: Your friend's computer can connect to the LAN, open
their email client, and retrieve the email from the email server. This can be
done through protocols like POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) or IMAP
(Internet Message Access Protocol), depending on the configuration of their
email client.

• 10. Viewing the Email: Once the email is retrieved, your friend's computer can
display the email in their email client. They can read the contents, view any
attachments, and take any desired actions, such as replying, forwarding, or
archiving the email.