Huawei Transmission ( HRAN ) Training

Application of the Tunnel

Tunnel Attributes (Protocol Type)
• Signaling Type is available only when Protocol Type is set to MPLS.

• MPLS: If all NEs that a tunnel passes through support MPLS, set
Protocol Type to MPLS.

• IP: To create a cross-IP ATM or CES service, set Protocol Type to IP.

• Only PTN NEs (with PTN990, PTN6900 and PTN7900 excluded)

support IP tunnels.
Tunnel Attributes (Signaling Type)
• Routers and PTN990, PTN6900 and PTN7900 NEs do not support LDP
tunnels.

• PTN NEs (with PTN6900 excluded) do not support static tunnels.

• Hybrid MSTP and OTN NEs support static CR tunnels only.

Tunnel Attributes (Signaling Type)
• RSVP TE tunnel: You need to specify only the ingress and egress nodes for an RSVP TE
tunnel. The MPLS protocol automatically calculates a route for the tunnel. In addition,
you can specify constraint nodes to plan a specific route for the tunnel. An RSVP TE
tunnel that has FRR protection and QoS configured is more secure and flexible than an
LDP tunnel. RSVP TE tunnels are used on a network that requires high QoS and resource
usage.
• LDP: You need to specify only the ingress and egress nodes for an LDP tunnel. Then the
LDP protocol automatically calculates a route for the tunnel. LDP tunnels can be used on
any network that supports MPLS and therefore are more flexible.
• Static CR tunnel: A static CR tunnel is created based on certain constraints. The
mechanism for creating and managing those constraints is CR. Different from a static
tunnel that requires only routing information, a static CR tunnel also requires other
configurations, such as the bandwidth, route, and QoS parameters. Static CR tunnels are
used on a network that do not require high QoS and has specified routes.
• Static tunnel: Every site that a static tunnel passes through must be manually specified.
Tunnel Attributes (Service Direction)
• A bidirectional tunnel has one path in either direction, and the paths use
the same port and route. A unidirectional tunnel has only one path in a
single direction.

• This parameter is available only when Signaling Type is set to Static CR.

Tunnel Attributes (Protection Type)
• For a protection group of the 1+1 protection type, services are dually fed
from the source end and selectively received by the sink end. If the
working tunnel fails, the protection tunnel is used to receive services to
implement service switchover. A protection group of the 1+1 protection
type occupies more bandwidth but takes shorter switching time.

• For protection groups of the 1:1 protection type, services are

transmitted over the working tunnel. If the working tunnel fails, the
protection tunnel is used to transmit services. The source end sends
services and the sink end receives services. A protection group of the 1:1
protection type occupies less bandwidth but takes longer switching time.
Tunnel Attributes (Switching Mode)
• Dual-Ended Switching: If receive site A receives signal failure message on
the working channel and the protection channel works in the normal
state, site A and the transmit site B selectively receive the services on
the protection channels of the two sites.

• Single-Ended Switching: If receive site A receives signal failure message

on the working channel and the protection channel works in the normal
state, site A selectively receives the services transmitted by transmit site
B on the protection channel to switch over services. Site B continues
selectively receiving the services transmitted by site A on the working
channel.
Tunnel Attributes
• network slice:
• Indicates the network slice selected for a tunnel after a network slice link is
created.

Service Region:
• After a region defined in NMS User Management is selected, users in the region
have the permission to view this service, implementing rights- and domain-based
management.
Configure MPLS Tunnel OAM(Y.1711)
• OAM Status
• Specifies the OAM status. OAM configurations take effect only when OAM
Status is set to Enable Sending and Receiving.

• Detection Mode
• Specifies a mode in which OAM detects tunnel connectivity.
• Automatic: The connectivity of a tunnel is tested in the user-defined frequency.
• Manual: The connectivity of a tunnel is tested in the frequency of receiving
packets.
Configure MPLS Tunnel OAM(Y.1711)
• Over Time

• Specifies an OAM timeout period, namely, the period of waiting for the first
detection packet after OAM configurations take effect. If the egress node does
not receive any detection packet before the period expires, it considers that a
defect has occurred and sends a BDI packet to notify the ingress node.

• Source routers do not support this parameter. Sink routers support this
parameter only when Detection Mode is set to Automatic.
Configure MPLS Tunnel OAM(Y.1711)
• Detection Packet Type
• Specifies the type of OAM detection packets. MPLS OAM is implemented by
periodically sending connectivity verification (CV) or fast failure detection (FFD)
packets through the detected LSP.

• CV: The detection frequency is fixed and cannot be set.

• FDD: The detection frequency can be set.

• Setting Detection Packet Type to FFD is recommended to ensure that the

protection switching time is less than 50 ms.
Configure MPLS Tunnel OAM(Y.1711)
• Detection Packet Period
• Specifies an OAM detection packet period.

• This parameter can be set when the detection packet type is FFD.

• The value of this parameter is fixed to 1000 when the detection packet type is
CV.

• CV/FDD Status
• Specifies the startup status of a CV or FFD detection packet.
Configure MPLS Tunnel OAM(Y.1711)
• SF Threshold
• Indicates the value of signal fail (SF) threshold.

• SD Threshold
• Indicates the value of signal degrade (SD) threshold.
• The SD threshold must be less than or equal to the SF threshold.
MPLS Alarm
MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV

• Packets were continuously lost in an MPLS tunnel.

• Cause 1: The local end is enabled to receive CC messages, but the peer
end is not enabled to send CC messages.
• Cause 2: An interface connected to the MPLS tunnel is shut down so that
no CC message can be transmitted.
• Cause 3: The MPLS tunnel is congested so that no CC message can be
transmitted.
• Cause 4: The MPLS tunnel is deteriorated so that no CC message can be
transmitted.
MPLS Alarm
MPLS_TUNNEL_SD

• The packet loss ratio of an MPLS tunnel reached the SD1 threshold on
the local end.

MPLS_TUNNEL_SF
• The packet loss ratio of an MPLS tunnel on the local end reached the
SD2 threshold.
MPLS Alarm
MPLS_TUNNEL_AIS

• Services were interrupted on the service layer.

• Cause 1: The interface on the service layer is shut down and the service
layer is interrupted so that an AIS PDU is sent to notify the client layer.

• Cause 2: The MPLS tunnel is congested on the service layer and the
service layer is interrupted so that an AIS PDU is sent to notify the client
layer.
MPLS Alarm
MPLS_PW_LOCV

• The PW was disconnected. This alarm was reported when OAM detected
a change in the PW connection status from Up to Down.

Enable the PW Loopback Function

• An alarm is generated when PW loop detection is enabled.

Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge
(PWE3)
• PWE3 is a point-to-point Layer 2 virtual private network (VPN)
technology. This technology defines the negotiation mode of multiple
hops, making the networking more flexible.

• The PWE3 technology can interconnect the traditional network and

the PSN to share the resources and expand the network.
Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge
(PWE3)
PWE3 Attributes
• Service Template
• You can select a template from the Service Template text box and use the
template to configure a service.

• SAI QoS Template

PWE3 Attributes (Protection Type)
• If Protection Type is set to Protection-Free, you must configure the source and sink
nodes.
• If Protection Type is set to PW Redundancy or PW APS protection or PW FPS
protection, select Single Source and Dual Sink or Dual Source and Single Sink in Node
List. You must configure one source node and two sink nodes for Single Source and
Dual Sink and two source nodes and one sink node for Dual Source and Single Sink.
• The PWs for PW Redundancy serve as the working, protection, and DNI paths.
• The three PWs for PW APS protection or PW FPS protection serve as the working path, protection
path, and DNI. PW APS protection or PW FPS protection can also be set to Single Source and
Single Sink or Dual Source and Dual Sink.
• If Protection Type is set to CE Dual-homing Protection for CEs of Symmetric Access, you
must configure two source nodes and two sink nodes. The corresponding two PWs
protect each other.
• If Protection Type is set to PW Backup Protection, two dynamic PWs are automatically
created between the source and sink nodes. The two PWs protect each other.
PWE3 Attributes
• Network Slice
• Indicates the network slice attributed selected for a service.
• The default value is --, indicating that the service does not support the
network slice attribute or has no network slice configured.

• Service Region
• After a region defined in NMS User Management is selected, users in the
region have the permission to view this service, implementing rights- and
domain-based management.
PWE3 Attributes

• Priority Type is optional. If packets need to be forwarded based

on Port+VLAN+VLAN PRI, set Priority Type to 802.1P.

• Priority field is optional. If packets need to be forwarded based

on Port+VLAN+VLAN PRI, set Priority field to an integer ranging from
0 to 7. Value 7 represents the highest priority.
PWE3 Attributes

• Control Word
• Specifies the policy for using the PW control word. That is, this
parameter determines whether a PW uses the control word field. The
PW control word is used to detect the packet sequence at the
forwarding layer, to fragment packets, and to reorganize packets.
• Control Word must be set to the same value at the two ends of a PW;
otherwise, services are interrupted.
PWE3 Attributes

• Control Channel Type
• This parameter specifies the method of checking connectivity of a PW.
Connectivity of a PW can be checked based on control word, route
alarm label, or TTL non-conformance label. Currently, the PTN
equipment supports PW connectivity check only based on
the control word.
PWE3 Attributes

• The VCCV Verification Mode parameter is used for PW continuity

check. This parameter is used to set the verification mode of packet
transmission.
• If the verification mode of packet transmission is set to None, the PW
cannot support the VCCV-Ping