VIRUS

By:

Tim MGMP BIOLOGI

MAN Insan Cendekia Serpong
 KOMPETENSI DASAR

3.3 MENGANALISIS STRUKTUR, REPLIKASI, DAN PERAN VIRUS

DALAM KEHIDUPAN.
INDIKATOR :
3.3.1 MENGGALI INFORMASI TENTANG CIRI-CIRI VIRUS
3.3.2 MENDISKUSIKAN PERBEDAAN REPLIKASI LISIS DAN
LISOGENIK PADA VIRUS
3.3.3 MENGGALI INFORMASI DAN MEMPRESENTASIKAN
PERANAN VIRUS PADA MANUSIA
 KOMPETENSI DASAR

4.3 MELAKUKAN KAMPANYE TENTANG BAHAYA VIRUS DALAM

KEHIDUPAN TERUTAMA BAHAYA AIDS BERDASARKAN TINGKAT
VIRULENSINYA.
INDIKATOR:
4.3.1 MENYAJIKAN DATA CIRI-CIRI VIRUS
4.3.2 MENDISKUSIKAN CARA REPLIKASI VIRUS
4.3.4 MEMPRESENTASIKAN PERANAN SATU MACAM JENIS
VIRUS PADA MANUSIA DALAM BENTUK E-POSTER, E-
BROSUR , ATAU VLOG.
APAKAH ANDA SUDAH MENGENAL
VIRUS…??

A protected assesses to
ensure defense from the
infection is to undergo HIV
checking on a normal basis  
VIRUS

Bayangkan bahwa virus tidak tumbuh,

tidak berespon, dan tidak makan

Merupakan peralihan antara yang hidup

dan tak hidup

Virus tidak tergabung dalam suatu

Kingdom

Virus tidak terdiri dari sel-sel

Apakah Virus Hidup?
SEJARAH
Penemuan VIRUS
 HISTORY OF VIRUS INVENTION

1. Mayer (Germany, 1883)

He observed the tobacco leaves which had mosaic disease
(caused retarded growth and yellow spotted) and the disease
was infectious.
He sprayed the extract of the infected leaves to the healthy
tobacco plant which was also infected, but he couldn’t find
anything on that infected plant
CONCLUSION = the disease was caused by a kind of bacteria which
was very fine and small that it can’t be seen by using a microscope
2. DIMITRI IVANOWSKY (Russia, 1893)
He performed an experiment to test the conclusion of A. Mayer
He filtered the sap extract of infected tobacco leaves using a
ceramic
filter that couldn’t be penetrated by bacteria, then sprayed the
filtrate to the healthy tobacco leaves
the result = the healthy tobacco leaves became infected as well
HIS CONCLUSION:
a. The cause of the mosaic disease on tobacco leaves is a
pathogenic bacteria with a very small size that can pass the
bacterial filter.
b. That pathogenic bacteria produced a toxin, so that it can pass
the bacterial filter

The second conclusion of Dimitri Ivanowsky was then

rejected by Martinus W. Beijerink in 1897
3. MARTINUS W. BEIJERINK (Netherlands, 1897)
- His experiment was by spraying the filtrate of mosaic infected leave
to the healthy leaves which then became infected as well.
- The new infected leaves were extracted and filtered, then the filtrate
was then sprayed to the other healthy leaves which also became
infected by the disease. These procedures were repeated many times.
- His experimental results: (i) the pathogen was reproducing, this was
proved by the fact that every healthy tobacco leave being sprayed by
the infected filtrate had also became infected with the disease;(ii) the
pathogen could reproduce only in the treated plant, it couldn’t be
reproduced in the bacterial media; and (iii) the pathogen was able to
live in alcohol (which usually kill the bacteria)
CONCLUSION:
Such pathogenic particle has smaller size than bacteria and
can only live inside the body of living organisms
4. WENDELL STANLEY (USA, 1935)
- He crystallized the mosaic disease agent that is a pathogenic particle
- He named it TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS (TMV)

CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES:
- Various shapes = circle (e.g. influenza, polio), oval (e.g. rabies), rod
(e.g. smallpox or chicken-pox), T-shape (Bacteriophage), polyhidric
(e.g. Adenovirus causing fever), and mosaic (e.g. TMV)
- The mature particle of virus which is already complete and mature,
but inactive is called VIRION
- There is no protoplasm or plasma membrane (Acellular)
- Several viruses can only live in one species or one type of tissue, but
several others can live in more than one host
- Can’t inhibit by Antibiotic and alcohol.
- Transition between nonliving things and living organisms, since they
don’t have the complete life characteristics (no movement, no breath
no growth, no expression, and no metabolism)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES:
NON-LIVING THINGS = can be crystallized & no protoplasm
LIVING ORGANISMS = can reproduce and metabolize
Virus can only show the life characteristics inside the living cell of its
host because the virus doesn’t have enzyme to synthesize nucleic acid.

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITE

Recognize the host cell through “LOCK AND KEY MECHANISM”

The KEY = virion protein
The LOCK = receptor site on the surface of the host cell
Ukuran
VIRUS
VIRAL STRUCTURE
Ukuran virion adalah 20 – 400 nm
diameternya, dan ukuran virus
kebanyakan sangat kecil sehingga sulit
diamati dengan mikroskop cahaya
Virus ada yang diselubungi kapsid, ada
pula yang tidak dibungkus oleh kapsid
 Virus Ikosahedral

1. Kepala,
Kepala virus berisi DNA atau RNA dan
bagian luarnya diselubungi kapsid.
 
2. Kulit (selubung atau kapsid)
Kapsid adalah selubung yang berupa
protein, terdiri atas bagian - bagian yang
disebut kapsomer, misalnya, kapsid pada TMV
dapat terdiri atas satu rantai polipeptida yang
tersusun atas 2.100 kapsomer.
Kapsid juga dapat terdiri dari protein –
protein monomer identik, yang masing –
masing terdiri dari rantai polipeptida.
 Virus Ikosahedral

3. Isi tubuh atau isi kepala

Isi tubuh yang kering disebut virion adalah bahan
genetik yakni asam nukleat (DNA atau RNA),
contohnya sebagai berikut:
a) Virus yang isi tubuhnya RNA dan bentuknya menyerupai kubus
antara lain, virus polyomyelitis virus radang mulut dan kuku, dan
virus influenza.
b) Virus yang isi tubuhnya RNA, protein, lipida, dan polisakarida,
contohnya Paramixovirus.
c) Virus yang isi tubuhnya terdiri atas RNA, protein dan banyak
lipida, contohnya virus cacar.
4. Ekor
Ekor virus merupakan alat penancap ketubuh
organisme yang diserangnya. Ekor virus terdiri atas
tabung bersumbat yang dilengkapi benang atau serabut.
 BAGAIMANA VIRUS
DIKLASIFIKASIKAN?

MEREKA DIKLASIFIKASIKAN BERDASARKAN:

1. BENTUKNYA
2. DNA ATAU RNA-NYA
3. ORGANISME YANG DISERANGNYA
4. STRUKTUR TUBUHNYA
CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES

ICTV (Int’l Committee on Taxonomy

Of Viruses)
 ICNV (1966)

ONLY 3 TAXONS:
1. FAMILY  ended with –viridae
2. GENUS  ended with –virus
3. SPECIES  use English word and
ended with –virus
Reproduksi Bakteriofage
dengan Siklus Litik dan Lisogenik
VIRUS-VIRUS PENYEBAB PENYAKIT

Bunga tulip
TMV
yang terserang virus

Virus herpes Daun anggrek

yang terserang virus

Virus ebola Tanaman tomat

yang terserang TMV
 THE ROLES OF VIRUS IN HUMAN’S LIFE
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
A. INDIRECTLY A. IN ANIMALS
 Control E. coli or  food-mouth virus in cattles
other pathogenic  Avian-influenza virus in chicken/birds
bacteria
B. DIRECTLY B. IN PLANTS
 In the processes of  RNA Viruses: Tobomovirus (in tobacco),
genetic engineering (e.g Potaxvirus (in potatoes), Cucumovirus
reducing the bacterial (mosaic in cucumber), Tungrovirus (in
virulence if the virus is rice plant, causing retarded growth)
the form of profage)  DNA Viruses: Caulimovirus (causing a
 Vaccine production disease in cauliflower plants), as well as
Germinivirus (causing a viral infection
in corn plants)
 DISADVANTAGES OF VIRUS FOR HUMAN’S LIFE
A. RNA VIRUSES
Lyssavirus  rabies; by saliva
Coronavirus  respiration infection
Rhinovirus  polio, influenze; by food
vaccine = Sabin – Salk
Mobilivirus  measle, throat infection
Arenavirus  meningitis; by air (hot)
Mostadinovirus  eye trachoma; by air
Hepatitis A virus  Hepatitis A; by air
Rabiesvirus  rabies (mad dog); by bite
HIV (Human Infection Virus)  AIDS
Ebolavirus  hemorrhagic fever ebola,
liver and kidney disfunction
Onkogenvirus  cancer
B. DNA VIRUSES
Herpesvirus varicelae
chicken-pox; by air
Vaccine = E. Jenner
Orthopoxvirus  smallpox
Papilomavirus  wart
Hepatitis-B-virus  Hep-B by the
blood transfusion,bite,sexual way
Arbovirus  dengue-fever, by the
bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito
TYPES OF VIRUSES BASED ON THEIR HOST’S CELLS

1. Bacterial Viruses (= Bacteriophage or Phage or ‘bacteria eater’)

 containing DNA; e.g. phage T4 virus in bacteria E. coli
2. Viruses of Eukaryotic microorganisms
 their hosts are eukaryotic microorganisms e.g. Protozoans and
Fungi; primarily containing RNA; e.g. Mycovirus in Fungi
3. Plant viruses
 mostly containing RNA; e.g. TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus)
4. Animal viruses
 in animal or human cells; containing DNA or RNA
 e.g. Herpesvirus in human and food-and-mouth virus in cattles
 EXAMPLES OF VACCINES BIO – FACTS
OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) for Polio AIDS = Acquired Immuno
Rabies Vaccine Deficiency Syndrome, is a
Hepatitis-B Vaccine syndrome of decreasing the
Influenza vaccine body’s immune; it’s not a
Smallpox / chicken-pox Vaccine disease, but combination of
MMR Vaccine  for MMR (Measles, various diseases in due to the
Mumps, Rubella) decreasing immune of a body;
AIDS is caused by HIV virus
VACCINE = weakened pathogen, so (Human Immunodeficiency
it will not be virulence anymore if Virus), which is infecting the
attacks human’s body; the body will white blood’s cell lymphocyte
produces antibody after vaccination T that has an important role
therefore it will not be infected by for the immune system in the
the disease body of human being.
IMUNISASI
• IMUNISASI ADALAH
PEMBERIAN KEKEBALAN
TUBUH TERHADAP SUATU
PENYAKIT DENGAN
MEMASUKKAN SESUATU KE
DALAM TUBUH AGAR TUBUH
TAHAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT
YANG SEDANG MEWABAH
ATAU BERBAHAYA BAGI
SESEORANG.
• PROSES PEMBERIAN VAKSIN
YUK…. KERJAKAN TUGAS KELOMPOK YAA…

Setiap Kelompok akan memperoleh satu masalah yang

disebabkan oleh gangguan Virus
Silakan Anda telusuri yang berkaitan dengan:
Nama Virus
Struktur Virus
Bagian / organ / sel yang diserang
Gejala Penyakit
Cara penularan
Cara pencegahan dan penanggulangan serangan
Wilayah persebaran saat ini

Tugas dipresentasikan dalam bentuk E-Poster, E-

Brosure atau Vlog di media “Instagram”
 See you To
The Next Chapter
..........

“Man
Jadda
Wajada”