Analyse the following sentences.

Put them into different categories

He is tasting the sauce.

At what hour is the sun right above

us?
He had beautiful smile.

She has painted the room white

This is a very sweet mango.

He’s an intelligent child

She was sitting close beside him.

She bought a loaf of white bread.

Rama runs quickly

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 Verb - Simple present continuous tense
He is tasting the sauce.

She has painted the room white Verb – finite / present perfect

He’s an intelligent child

She bought a loaf of white bread. adjectives

He had beautiful smile.

She was sitting close beside him.

This is a very sweet mango.

adverb
Rama runs quickly

At what hour is the sun right above

us?
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 Goivind reads quite clearly.

She was dressed all in white.

Probably he is mistaken.

Luckily he escaped unhurt.

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A word which modifies the meaning of

- a verb Rama runs quickly

- an adjective This is a very sweet mango.

-another adverb Goivind reads quite clearly.

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 Adverb of place

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of time.

Adverbs of manner
Kinds of Adverbs

Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation Adverbs of Degree or Quantity

Relative Adverbs Adverbs of Reason

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Adverbs of time (When?)

I have heard this before.

The end soon came.

Adverbs of frequency (How often?)

I have told you twice.

He seldom comes here.

Adverb of place (Where?)

Stand here.

He looked up.

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Adverbs of manner (How? In what manner?)

Govind reads clearly.

Is that so?

Adverbs of Degree or Quantity (How much?

In what degree? To what extent?).

He was too careless.

You are partly right.

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Relative Adverbs

Normally appear in complex sentences where they join

the subordinating clause to the main clause.

My entire family has moved to the country where my

father has bought a big house

December has always been a favourite month when I

celebrate my birthday..

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More adverbs of degree

“To what extent?”

Very
Quite
So
Too
Rather
Almost
Completely
Entirely
Less thoroughly
Even
Only
Scarcely
Hardly

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Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation

Surely you are mistaken. (Affirmation)

I do not know him. (Negation)

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Adverbs of Reason

He therefore left school.

He is hence unable to refute the

charge.

Some adverbs may belong to more than one class.

She sings delightfully. (Adverb of manner)

The weather is delightfully cool. (Adverb of degree)

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 Don’t go far. (Adverbs of place)

He is far better now. (Adverb of degree).

Interrogative Adverbs

Where is Abdul? (Inter. Adverb of place)

How high is Eiffel Tower? (Inter. Adverb of Degree)

Why are you late? (Inter. Adverb of Reason)

How did you contrive it? (Inter. Adverb of Manner)

How many boys are in your class? (Inter. Adverb of Number)

How high is Rajabai Tower? (Inter. Adverb of Degree)

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 Position of Adverbs

Initial (before the subject)

Now we will look at the situation.

Medial (between the subject and the main verb)

We often look at the situation

Final (after the verb or object)

We look at the situation carefully

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Unfortunately the cat killed the mouse.

The cat unfortunately killed the mouse.

The cat killed the mouse unfortunately.

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 Formation of Adverbs

Many adverbs end in –ly.

How adverbs are formed?

Mostly…. Adjective + ly
Examples: slowly, loudly, weakly, kindly

BUT!!! Not all words end in –ly are adverbs.

Example: lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighbourly

These are adjectives.

That lonely wife lives with her motherly friend.

Some adverbs do not have particular form.

Examples: well, fast, very, hard, always, enough, still

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Adjective Adverb
An early dinner We ate dinner early last night.
A late lunch I worked late at the office.
A hard task I tried hard to stop him.
A long journey I can’t stay very long.
A high fence Don’t jump too high.
A short rest The donations fell short of the
target.

Verb + word

Word + noun

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 Comparison of Adverbs

Some adverbs, like Adjectives, have degrees of comparison.

Examples:
fast, faster, fastest
long, longer, longest
hard, harder, hardest
soon, sooner, soonest

Rams ran fast. (positive)

Rams ran faster.(comparative)
Harihari ran fastest of all.(superlative)

Adverbs ending in –ly: use ‘more’, ‘most’

Swiftly, more swiftly, most swiftly

Skilfully, more skillfully, most skillfully

Karim played more skillfully than Abdul (comparative)

Of all the eleven Ahmed played most skillfully.
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 Comparison of Adverbs

Positive, comparative and superlative degrees

Badly, worse, worst
Well, better, best
Much, more, most
Little, less, least
Near, nearer, next
Far, farther, farthest
Far, further, farthest
Late, later, latest

Rama writes well.

Anjum writes better than Rama.
Harihari writes best of all.

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More than one adverbs: arrangement
Manner followed by place followed by time

They knelt quietly in the shadow of the rock.

I tried to reach you at home several times

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Create transformation tables showing nouns, adjectives, verbs and
adverbs.

Adjectives Adverbs
slow slowly

Noun Adverbs

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