UNIT 6 :

CRIME
Grammar 1
6.1 ability
 we use can talk about ability in the present and could talk about ability in the
past. We can use be able to to talk about ability in the present , past of future.
e.g : I can / am able to speak French.
: she couldn’t/wasn’t able to swim when she was five.
We can use could or was/were able to to talk about general ability
in the past. To talk about single completed action in the past,we
must use was/were able to. We cannot use could.
e.g : she could/was able to dance when she was young.
: the police were able to to arrest the criminal last night
6.2 permission
• To ask for permission use - can , could or may
• To give or refuse permission use - can , may
• E.g : could I telephone my lawyer,please?
: you can see the prisoner now.
: his parents may not to speak to him yet.
• To talk about permission in the present or future use - can or allowed to.
• E.g : he can/will be allowed to leave the police station tomorrow afternoon.
• to talk about the past for general permission , use - could or was/were allowed to
• For permission on a particular accasion use - was/were allowed to
E.g : she could/was allowed to use the phone whenever she wanted.
: he was allowed to make one telephone call from the police station.
6.3 requests

 To
ask someone to do something for us , use - can, could, will or
would. Could & would are more polite.
 E.g : can/could you lend me some money, please ?
: will/would you ask the next witness to come in now,
please ?
6.4 offers & suggestions

• To offer to do something for someone , use - can, could, shall I or would you like
me to…. ?
E.g : can/could/shall I speak to him for you ?
: would you like me to speak to him for you ?
• To make suggestions, use - can/could
E.g : she can/could write him a letter.
6.5 obligation & necessity

• To express obligation , use - must, have to or need to.

We can use must for the present or future and we can use have to
and need to for present,past or future.
E.g : we must tell the police everything we know!
: he had to hire a lawyer.
: you will need to describe the man you saw.
6.6 lack of obligation

• to talk about something that is not necessary in the present and future, use -
don’t have to
- don’t need to / needn’t.
E.g : you don’t have/need to answer any questions.
: I needn’t put up with you behavior any more.
• To talk about something that was not necessary in the past, use - didn’t
have to
-didn’t need to / needn’t have
E.g : I didn’t have/need to go to court.
: I needn’t have gone to court after all.
6.7 prohibition

• We use musn’t to say that something is not allowed.

E.g : you musn’t steal; it’s wrong
6.8 possibility
• To express possibility in the present or the future , use -may , might / could . We do
not use could in negative sentences .
E.g : He’s guality and he may/might/could do time.
: If there’s not much evidence, they may/might not find her guality .
• To talk about possibility in the past , use - may/might/could + have + past participle.
We do not use could have in negative sentences.
E.g : the burglar may/might/could have not into the house through the open window.
: she didn’t say hello , so she may/might not have seen us.
6.9 deduction

• We use must or can’t to show that we are almost certain that something is or is
not true.
E.g : he prevented the man from robbing the bank. He must be very brave.
: they can’t be criminals, they look so ordinary.
• To talk about the past, use – must / can’t / couldn’t + have + past participle.
e.g : she was the only one in the room. She must have taken the money.
: they can’t/couldn’t have found the man guality; there wasn’t any evidence.
6.10 advice & criticism

• We use should and and ought to to give advice in the past

& future.
e.g : you should/ought to lock up your jewellery when you go away.
• We use should/ought to + have + past participle to express
criticism.
e.g : they should/ought to gave sent him to prison.
THAT’S ALL FROM US .
THANK YOU 

- GRACIA OLYVEA

- NUR AMIRAH :)

- NABILA LAYAU 

- NUR HASYA QASRINA 