Ceramics

Ceramic materials are the compounds which are inorganic and

nonmetallic. Examples are oxides, nitrides and carbides. Traditional
ceramics are porcelain, bricks, tiles, etc.
Crystal Structure of Ceramics
Structure of ceramic materials depends on following criterions:

1. Magnitude of electrical charge on each component

ions.
2. Relative sizes (radii) of the cations (r C) and anions (rA).
Cation are normally smaller than anions (r C/rA < 1.)
3. The two most common chemical bonds
for ceramic materials are covalent and ionic. The
bonding of atoms together is much stronger in
covalent and ionic bonding than in metallic. This is
why ceramics generally have the following properties:
high hardness, high compressive strength, and
chemical inertness

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 Coordination number 3 : Trigonal planar

Cation-Anion radius ratio 0.115-0.225

4
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 Coordination number 4 : Tetrahedral

Cation-Anion radius ratio

0.225-0.414

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 Coordination number 6 : Octahedral

07/13/23 Cation-Anion radius ratio 0.414-0.732 6

Coordination number 8 : Cubic

07/13/23 Cation-Anion radius ratio 0.732-1.0 7

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