INTRODUCTION FROM

THE 21 CENTURY FROM

ST

THE PHILIPPINES AND

THE WORLD
LITERATURE
21st century literature from the
Philippines and the world facilitates the
understanding and analysis of literary
texts in various genres across cultures.
 THE SUBJECT IS DIVIDED INTO
TWO QUARTER:

Quarter 3: Philippine Literature

Quarter 4: World Literature
HIGHLIGHT OF 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE

Literature seems to difficult to embrace for people

who are indifferent to it. However, it continues to
grow and stay because of its significance and value
to man. Literature is an art of SELF-
EXPRESSION
Literally, it means “an acquaintance with letters”. In latin,
“littera” means an individual written character. It
represents a language or people; culture or tradition, passion
and dignified thoughts. It introduces us to new world of
experience of man. It imitated and interprets life through
language. Everything that is written is literature.
Literature molds man as a total human being,
sympathetic, aware and sensitive. It educates and
entertains. When we read literature, we are informed
of events that beset our environment and the fictitious
characters and colorful events amuse us.
Literature lead us to understand the life of man. It is
important to us because it speaks us to us and affects us.
Even when literature is seemingly ugly, it is still beautiful.
It enlivens human interest, enriches and colors our
imagination. It is an expression of thought, feelings,
emotions and attitudes towards life. It shapes our minds
that make us changed individuals.
Literature shapes man not only nurses, engineers,
accountants, teachers, doctors, computer
specialists, information technologists, etc. but as
a MAN, his personality, as well as his views and
ideas count.
In order to appreciate literary piece, you may follow some guidelines to
follow in reading.
1. You have to read with purpose, not just for the story. For example: If
the story is recreational, it should always be interesting and be able to
provide pleasure, but you should know how to read more than just
pleasure. You should read with a purpose.
2. You should be able to avoid reading selections and television or video
presentations that tackle details of sin, crime and violence. If you
pursue it, do it with a purpose.
3. Individual title should be evaluated with careful regard to the positive
principles set forth in Ellen White’s writings which make the readers experience
peace of mind and reassurance of soul, which tends toward sensible, moral, and
compassionate living, and that the titles can satisfy the deepest yearnings of
human heart.
4. You should be able to discriminate between the best and the inferior literature.
5. Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things
are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, if
there be any virtue, and if there any praise, think on these things. (Phil 4:8)
 HIGHLIGHTS OF 21ST CENTURY
LITERATURE
 The range of years in 21st century literature was written from (roughly) the year 2001 to
the present.
The 2000s (decade) saw a steep increase in the acceptability of all types, inspired by the
coming of age millions of people who enjoyed the works of writers such as Lewis and
Toklen in their youths.
Many famous books like harry potter series were converted into movies.
Some books were written in simple English and works of old writers were translates into
language that was easier to understand.
Mythology was converted into graphic novel from to build interest among young
readers.
Books on wars, guides for exams, myths, etc. were frequent sellers
in this decade.
It is an imaginative writing
Most of the themes deal with current themes or situations and
reflect technological culture

It often breaks traditional writing or is fragmented because in the old century

literature, it follows the traditional plot (beginning-middle-end)
 21st century is written by contemporary authors.
 TYPES OF LITERATURE

ORAL AND WRITTEN LITERATURE

Oral literature includes ballads, myth, jokes, folktales and fables;
whereas written source has drama, novel, poetry and nonfictional
literature,
 KINDS OF LITERATURE ACCORDING TO
STRUCTURE

POETRY
Poetry is an artistic piece of philosophical, personal, imaginative
or inspirational nature that is laid out in lines.
PROSE
Prose is literary piece that is written without metrical structure
 KINDS OF LITERATURE ACCORDING TO
STRUCTURE
FICTIONAL
is simply defines as a product of one’s imaginative or inspirational
nature that is laid out in lines.
NON-FICTIONAL
it comes out of one’s personal experiences, a true and factual account
of varying information. It comprises the interesting facts with analysis
and illustrations. It inclues autobiography, biography, essay, literary
criticism, journal, newspaper, diary magazine, etc.
 LITERARY GENRES (FORMS)

•Poem
•Short story
•Essay
•Drama
POEM
A composition written in verses having standard
measurements and written with a higher intensity of artistic
beauty.
Employs the following in constructing a poem;
DICTION that includes denotation and connotation of words,
IMAGERY, SYMBOLISM, FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE,
RHYTHM AND RHYME.
POEMS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE:

1. LYRIC POEM
-Refers to short poems which express the personal thoughts or emotions
of the poet. It can be a song, ode, elegy or sonnet. It is intended to be sung.
2. NARRATIVE POEM
-it tells a story. It can be a ballad or an epic.
3. DRAMATIC POETRY
-is a theatrical dialogue performed on stage. It can be a tragedy, comedy,
melodrama or tragicomedy.
SHORT STORY
-is a small commercial fiction, true or imaginary, and smaller than a
novel. It is composed with an easy beginning illustrated in its
exposition, a conflict that holds the problem to be solved in the
selection, a concrete theme that presents the subject matter of the
story, some dialogs and actions that picture the rising action and
climax, an ends with a resolution. They are oral and short-lived.
Some examples are gossip, joke, fable, myth, parable, hearsay and
legend. However, short stories are now written for appreciation and
evaluation.
ESSAY
-is a literary composition that presents the author’s point of view about
any particular topic in a detailed way. Essay has simple way of narrating
the main subject; therefore, they are descriptive, lengthy, subject-
oriented and comparative.

TYPES OF ESSAY
PERSONAL EXPOSITORY RESPONSE PROCESS
PERSUASSIVE ARGUMENTATIVE COMPARE AND CONTRAST
CRITICAL INTERVIEW REFLECTIVE EVALUATION
OBSERVATION COMPARISON APPLICATION NARRATIVE
HOW TO WRITE AN
AUTOBIOGRAPHY?
WRITE OUT YOUR LIFE TIMELINE
1
Write out your life timeline. Start writing your
autobiography by conducting research on your own life.
Creating a timeline of your life is a good way to make sure you
include all the most important dates and events, and it gives you a
structure to build upon. You can consider this the "brainstorming"
phase, so don't hesitate to write down everything you can remember,
even if you don't think the memory will make it into the final
version of the book.
IDENTIFY THE MAIN CHARACTERS
2 Identify the main characters. Every
good story has interesting characters, friends and foes who
help move the plot along. Who are the characters in your
life? It's a given that your parents will play a role, along with
your spouse and other close family members. Think beyond
your immediate family to others who have affected your life
and should play a role in your autobiography.
PULL OUT THE BEST STORIES
3 Pull out the best stories. The story of your entire
life would start to get pretty long-winded, so you'll have to
make some decisions about what anecdotes you're going to
include. Begin drafting your manuscript by writing out the
main stories that will be woven together to create a picture of
your life. There are a few main topics that most
autobiographies cover since readers find them fascinating.
WRITE IN YOUR OWN VOICE
4 Write in your own voice. People read
autobiographies to gain insight on what it's like to be
someone else. Being authentically you is a sure way to keep
people engaged. If your writing is formal and stiff, or if it
reads like a college essay instead of an expose on your life,
people will have trouble getting through the book.
BE REVEALING 
5 Be revealing. You don't have to be explicit,
important to reveal truths about
but it's
yourself and your life
in an autobiography. Don't let the book become a list of your
accomplishments, with all the negative material carefully kept
under the rug. Present yourself as a whole person, sharing
talents and flaws alike, and your readers will be able to identify
with you and hopefully root for you as they make their way
through your story.
CAPTURE THE SPIRIT OF THE TIMES
6 Capture the spirit of the times. How was your
story shaped by the moment in history in which it took place?
What wars influenced your politics? What cultural events
inspired you? Be sure to include a few important dates so
readers can understand the sequencing of the events you are
describing. Discussing what happened in the world at large
during your lifetime is a good way to make your story more
relevant and interesting to those reading it.