Product Design and

Development
 Objectives of Product Design

what the customer wants

designed for operations
 Generating New Products

The change
Economic change -Brings increasing levels of affluence in the
long run but economic cycles and price changes in the short
run. For example, in the long run, more people can
afford automobiles, but in the short, a recession may weaken
the demand for automobiles.
Social and Demographic - They may appear in such factors as
decreasing family change size. This trend alters the size
preference for homes, apartments, and automobiles
Technological change - It makes the creation of many
products possible.
Examples: laptops, cellular phones, artificial hearts.
 Types of design

Robust Design
Robust design means that the product is designed so that small variations in production or assembly do not
adversely affect the product.
Modular Design
Products designed in easily segmented components are known as modular designs.
Modular designs offer flexibility to both production and marketing. The production department typically finds
modularity helpful because it makes product development, production, and subsequent changes easier.
Moreover, marketing may like modularity because it adds flexibility to the ways customers can be satisfied.
 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computers, to interactively design
products and prepare engineering documents. Although the use and variety of CAD software is extensive, most of
it is still used for drafting and three-dimensional (3D) drawings. However, its use is rapidly expanding.
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM), a form of automation computers communicate work instructions
directly to the manufacturing machinery. The technology evolved from the numerically controlled machines of
the 1950s, which were directed by a set of coded instructions contained in a punched paper tape. Today a single
computer can control banks of robotic milling machines, lathes, welding machines, and other tools, moving the
product from machine to machine as each step in the manufacturing process is completed. Such systems allow
easy, fast reprogramming from the computer, permitting quick implementation of design changes.

 Environmentally Friendly Design – Green Manufacturing -The concept of green manufacturing

– that is, making environmentally sound products through efficient processes.
END OF DISCUSSION