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  • Maisto Ch02 CE Des For ADA.

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    Ahmad Al-Rusasi
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    This document discusses the history of drug use and legislation throughout the world and in the United States. It describes how drugs have been used for thousands of years for various purposes. In the 19th century, many drugs were easily accessible without prescriptions in the US. Various drugs have experienced periods of popularity at different times. Legislation around drugs began in the early 20th century and the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified drugs and set standards for drug crimes. Laws continue to evolve in response to changing drug use patterns and new synthetic drugs.

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    Maisto Ch02 CE Des for ADA.

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    This document discusses the history of drug use and legislation throughout the world and in the United States. It describes how drugs have been used for thousands of years for various purposes. In the 19th century, many drugs were easily accessible without prescriptions in the US. Various drugs have experienced periods of popularity at different times. Legislation around drugs began in the early 20th century and the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified drugs and set standards for drug crimes. Laws continue to evolve in response to changing drug use patterns and new synthetic drugs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    9 views13 pages

    Maisto Ch02 CE Des For ADA.

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Al-Rusasi
    This document discusses the history of drug use and legislation throughout the world and in the United States. It describes how drugs have been used for thousands of years for various purposes. In the 19th century, many drugs were easily accessible without prescriptions in the US. Various drugs have experienced periods of popularity at different times. Legislation around drugs began in the early 20th century and the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified drugs and set standards for drug crimes. Laws continue to evolve in response to changing drug use patterns and new synthetic drugs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 13

    Drug Use and Abuse

    Eighth Edition

    Chapter 2
    Drug Use Yesterday
    and Today

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Historical Overview

    • Drugs: used for a variety of reasons in different


    cultures for thousands of years
    • Earliest drug use: ingestion of alcohol; plants with
    psychoactive properties
    • Prior to the beginning of the 20th century: relatively
    few restrictions on drug availability

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Addiction in History
    • Several million Chinese men and women were
    addicted to opium by the mid-1800s. This photograph
    depicts a Chinese man smoking opium
    in a den around
    1905.

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Drug Use in the United States

    • 19th century: opium, morphine, marijuana, heroin, and


    cocaine could be obtained easily without prescription.
    • Marijuana in the 1800s: liquid extract used by
    physicians as a general all-purpose medication
    • Nonmedical use of marijuana increased in the 1920s,
    probably in part a reaction to alcohol Prohibition.

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Drugs and Their Times (1 of 2)

    • Different drugs have enjoyed periods of popularity in


    the United States.
    • Cocaine: widely used in medicines and tonics in late
    1800s and early 1900s. Regained popularity in the
    1960s through today, in various forms.
    • Amphetamines: used relatively widely during the 1930s

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Drugs and Their Times (2 of 2)

    • Minor tranquilizers and inhalants: used in the 1950s


    • LSD : popular in the 1960s
    • Heroin: increasingly popular in recent years
    • New synthetic substances: “bath salts” synthetic
    marijuana, and fentanyl
    • Current trend: “club drugs,” such as MDMA, GHB,
    Methamphetamine

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Medical Drugs and Illegal Use

    • Parallel between psychoactive substances in medicinal


    forms and the abuse of these drugs
    • Many illegal drugs have been used for medicinal
    purposes at some time.
    • Substances developed as medications are often used
    in nonmedicinal ways.
    • Impossible to separate medical and nonmedical uses
    of drugs

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Development of Drug Laws

    • Legislation: main mechanism for establishing formal


    guidelines about drugs
    • Drug laws in the United States: began at turn of the
    20th century
    • First federal drug legislation:1906 Pure Food and Drug
    Act, mandating listing of types and amounts of drugs
    contained in medicines

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Major Drug Legislation

    • 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act: regulated the legal


    supply of certain drugs; resulted in the establishment of
    drug treatment centers for opiate addicts.
    • Alcohol Prohibition: 1920–1933, Eighteenth
    Amendment to Constitution prohibited the production,
    sale, transportation, and importing of alcohol all over
    the United States.
    • Prohibition was repealed due to lack of public support.

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Prohibition’s Failure
    • In order to drink during the Prohibition, customers
    turned to speakeasies, saloons operating without
    licenses.

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Post-Prohibition Legislation

    • 1930s: establishment of Federal Bureau of Narcotics


    • Marijuana Tax Act of 1937: authorized producers,
    manufacturers, importers, and dispensers of the drug
    had to register and pay annual license fee.
    • 1940s–1970s: federal legislation ineffective in curbing
    drug use and dependence

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Controlled Substances Act

    • 1970 Controlled Substances Act: classified drugs


    according to legitimate medical uses and potential for
    abuse and dependence.
    • Law enforcement today relies on those classifications.
    • This act also set standard for penalties for drug
    manufacture and trafficking.

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.


    Ever-Evolving Laws

    • Legislation is regularly added in response to changes


    in drug-use patterns.
    • Example: 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and
    Tobacco Control Act: gave FDA broad control over
    marketing and sale of tobacco
    • Example: 2010 Fair Sentencing Act, 2012 Synthetic
    Drug Abuse Prevention Act: responses to rates of use
    of cocaine and synthetic marijuana

    © 2019 Cengage. All rights reserved.

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