Organization and Structure of

Government in Pakistan
 Organization
1) Organization is arrangement of personnel for facilitating the
accomplishment of some agreed purposes, through
allocation of functions and responsibilities. (L.D.White)
2) Organization means a planned system of cooperative effort
in which each participant has a recognized role to play and
duties and tasks to perform. (H. Simon, Smithburg, and
Thompson)
3) Organization is form of every human association for the
attainment of a common purpose. (James D. Mooney)
Thus organization is a group of people working together
interdependently to achieve a common objective.
 Principles of Organization
Hierarchy
Hierarchy is a chain of command and literally it means control of the higher over lower.
It refers to the levels in organization.
Span of Control
It means how many persons are being attended or supervised by an individual
Unity of Command
It refers to the reporting to immediate boss by an employee (According to Henri Fayol,
an employee should receive orders from one supervisor only).
Integration vs Disintegration
It means the connecting of one or more parts with the whole of the organization
structure, by keeping them under the boss or department which is under the
control of boss. Whereas, disintegration means breaking up or causing to break
into small parts or groups or identities. And, these parts are usually
independent.
Delegation
It means the transferring of authority from higher to lower to facilitate the work of
organization.
Centralization vs Decentralization
Centralization refers to the concentration of authority at the top whereas
decentralization refers to the dispersal of authority among a number of
individuals or units.
Organization of Federal Government in Pakistan
“Rules of Business-1973” define the function of ministries, ministers and also secretaries and
also the methodology of conducting the administrative and other businesses of the Federal
Government.
Central Secretariat: For the proper functioning of the Federal Government and the
administering the subjects falling within the jurisdiction of federation , there are ministries,
divisions, attached departments, subordinate offices, autonomous and semi-autonomous
bodies. The detail is as under:
Ministry: A ministry is a division or group of divisions constituted into a ministry or it may
comprise one or more divisions for the conduct of business of Federal Government in a
specified sphere as declared by the Government. Each ministry is headed by a Cabinet
Minister and a Secretary is the administrative incharge of the ministry.
Division: It also performs functions like Ministry to formulate policies and to ensure their
implementation. It is headed by a Minister for State and administrative incharge is
Secretary or Additional Secretary.
Attached Department: An attached department in the Federal Government has a direct relation
with Ministry or Division. These departments provide assistance to the Ministry in the
formulation and execution of the policies and they are under the control of Ministry or
Division.
Subordinate Offices: Each attached department has many subordinate offices, which are known
as “field offices”. They are under the attached department and perform specific duites.
They are responsible for the execution of all the filed activities of attached departments.
They are headed by an administrator or Director.
Autonomous/Semi Autonomous Bodies: Certain Ministries or Divisions have a number of
autonomous, semi-autonomous bodies representing the trend of decentralization for
arriving at speedy decisions. The main sectors, under which these bodies are working are
Finance, Education and Banking.
 Transaction of Business at Federal Level

Prime Minister: At the top of the hierarchy of Federal Government is Prime Minister,
who has authority and responsibility for the transaction of the business.
Federal Minister: A Federal Minister or Minister for State is to assist the Prime
Minister in the formulation of public policy.
Secretary: A Secretary in-charge of Ministry or Division is a senior civil servant, and
administrative head of his ministry or division. He has to assist his Minister or
Minister for state in policy formulation, keep the Minister generally informed of
the working of the Ministry or Division.
Additional Secretary: Additional Secretary is also a senior civil servant and assists
Secretary in a ministry, some time, he works as incharge of the division and
performs the functions like a Secretary in the ministry.
Joint Secretary: Joint Secretary is junior to the Additional Secretary, In Ministry he
works at the third level of administrative hierarchy; while in Division, he assists
the additional secretary in charge as second in command. He performs the duties
as assigned by Secretary/Additional Secretary.
Deputy Secretary: A division/ministry is divided into wings and a wing is further
divided into sections. Administrative head of a group of sections is called Deputy
Secretary.
Section Officer/Under Secretary: Section officer is the incharge of a section. He is an
officer at the lowest ebb of the hierarchy. He controls the officials of his section
i.e. assistant, clerks, record keepers, steno-typist etc.
 Provincial Organization
The work procedures of a provincial government in Pakistan
are in many ways similar to those at centre. There are
provincial secretariat attached offices. The working of these
organizations are similar as that of federal organizations
with some modifications and adjustments.
Chief Minister: At the apex of the province is Chief Minister,
whose chief staff is the Chief Secretary. CM is the head of
provincial cabinet and controller of provincial ministries.
Chief Secretary: He is the senior civil servant and is the official
head of the provincial secretariat. To enable him to perform
his functions properly, there is a secretary in every
department, then additional secretary, deputy secretary and
section officer.
 Local Government
Under present devolution scenario, province is
territorially divided into districts, which are again
subdivided into subdivisions or tehsils.
Administrative Structure in District
 Administrative Structure in Tehsil

In every tehsil there shall be a Tehsil Municipal

Administration which shall be a body corporate and
consist of a Tehsil Nazim, Tehsil Municipal Officer, Tehsil
Officers, Chief Officers and other officials of the Local
Council Service and officials of the offices entrusted to the
Tehsil Municipal Administration. Whereas in every town in
a City District there is a Town Municipal Administration
which is a body corporate and consist of the Town Nazim,
Town Municipal Officer, Town Officers, Chief Officers and
other officials of the Local Council Service and officials of
the offices entrusted to the Town Municipal
Administration.

.
 Administrative Structure in Union

At the lower tier, the Union Administration, which is a body corporate,

covers the rural as well as urban areas across the whole district. It
consists of Union Nazim, Naib Union Nazim

and three Union Secretaries and other ancillary staff