1.

Agency
Meaning: A company, enterprise, or organization that offers a certain service is known as an agency.
Sentence: Agencies frequently, but not always, work on behalf of another organization, company, or individual. The
phrase is also used to describe a course of action or intervention that results in a specific outcome.

2. Cabinet
Meaning: A small group of the most important people in government, who advise the President or Prime Minister and
make important decisions.
Sentence: A select group of the nation’s top officials who advise the president or prime minister and influence major
decisions.

3. Centre of Government (COG)

Meaning: The centres of government are the support structure serving the highest level of the executive branch of
government.
Sentence: The support system for the executive branch of government at its highest level is comprised of government
centre’s.

4. Civil Servant
Meaning:  A person who works for the government a person who works in the civil service.

Sentence: Someone who works for the government of a nation but is not a member of its military.

5. Full Time Equivalent

Meaning:  Measures the total amount of full-time employees working at any one organisation.
Sentence: Is a full-time workweek calculated by dividing the employee’s allotted hours by the employer’s hours.

6. Government
Meaning: Government, the political structure responsible for overseeing and regulating a nation or a community.
Sentence: The institution in charge of establishing rules for a society, assisting its members in interacting with one
another and outsiders, and maintaining its orderly, secure, and peaceful operations.

7. Government Programme
Meaning: The government programme is typically developed on the basis of an incoming government's policy manifesto
Sentence: The policy manifesto of a new government is often the foundation upon which the government program is
created.
8. Head of Government
Meaning: the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet.
Sentence: Person in charge of conducting government business and overseeing the group of ministers in charge of the
government's core institutions.

9. Implementation
Meaning: Implementation is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan, idea, model, design, specification,
standard, algorithm, or policy.
Sentence: The act of carrying out a plan, a method, or any other design, idea, model, specification, standard, or policy is
known as implementation.

10. Minister
Meaning: A person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant
church.
Sentence: A person whose employment include conducting religious services, officiating at religious events (like
weddings), and giving advice to others regarding their faith.

11. Ministry
Meaning:  The profession or duties of a minister of religion.
Sentence: Ministry is about giving of ourselves and our time, talents, and resources to bless and help others.

12. Policy
Meaning: A government or other institution's policy may be a legislation, rule, process, administrative decision,
inducement, or voluntary practice.
Sentence: A purposeful set of rules designed to direct behaviour and produce logical results is called a policy.

13. Political Adviser

Meaning: An expert who studies the practical and functional facets of policies in a certain subject is known as a policy
adviser.
Sentence: A person who contributes concepts or strategies that organizations or governments use as the foundation for
decision-making.

14. Professional Staff

Meaning: An individual who works in a specialization that calls for extensive education or training is known as a
professional staff.
Sentence: Professional staff includes all employees who work with people who qualify for adult education and literacy
programs to provide services, such as training and data input.

15. Risk anticipation and management

Meaning: Identification, assessment, and control of financial, legal, strategic, and security threats to the assets and
profits of an organization constitute the process of risk management.
Sentence: Uncertainty-based strategy comes with a significant risk, and that is a fundamental fact that cannot be
contested. Contrarily, a plan built on predictability carries less risk.

16. President
Meaning: A president-led republic that has an elected figure acting as both the head of state and the chief political
executive.
Sentence: A president is the head of a republican nation or a business. A president is typically chosen directly by the
people through a vote or indirectly by legislatures.

17. Secretary of the President

Meaning: A cabinet secretary serves as the president's departmental doppelganger.
Sentence: The Secretary would serve as a go-between for the president and the general public, organizing the
president's mail and keeping track of his appointments and timetables

18. Strategic Planning

Meaning: A highly effective organizational technique employed by both small and large businesses in almost all
professional sectors is strategic planning.
Sentence: Leaders of a company develop their future vision and determine their organization's goals and objectives
through the process of strategic planning.

19. Support and Clerical Staff

Meaning: Clerical staff positions are administrative support jobs that help keep a business organized and operating.
Sentence: Basic office tasks including answering the phone, classifying and filing paperwork, and setting up
appointments are common responsibilities of clerical positions.
Functions of Public Administration
20. Planning
Meaning: Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who should do it.
Sentence: Prior to doing something, planning is the process of making detailed decisions about how to do it.

21. Organizing
Meaning: Organizing is a process of structuring the essential relationships among the people, tasks, and other activities.
Sentence: Organizing is the process of combining human and material resources using a formal authority structure, task
division, and work arrangement.

22. Directing
Meaning: Directing is a high level management function that is concerned with providing direction to the goals of the
organisation, from there it moves on to the lower levels in form of actions.
Sentence: It can be characterized as giving workers direction while they are at work. In the management world, direction
is defined as all of those things.

23. Coordinating
Meaning: The process of organizing people or groups so that they work together properly and well.
Sentence: The managerial duty of ensuring coordination between several groups and departments.

24. Controlling
Meaning: Controlling is the process of evaluating performance in relation to standards, identifying deviations, and taking
corrective action in order to meet predefined objectives.
Sentence: The attainment of metrics that advance the organization's aims and highlight deviations is the controlling
function.

25. Budgeting
Meaning: The process of making a spending plan is known as budgeting.
Sentence: A budget that takes expenses and income into account. In other words, it's a projection of your income and
expenses for a specific time frame, like a month or a year.

26. Public Administration

Meaning: In the realm of public administration, leaders work with localities to promote the general welfare and bring
about positive change.
Sentence: The official procedures and organizational structures that public servants work under to serve a government
by carrying out and offering policy advice and managing resources.
The Seven (7) Principles of Public Administration
27. Transparency
Meaning: Transparency encourages accountability and informs the public about the actions of their government.
Sentence: Transparency indicates that the government upholds the citizens' fundamental right to information about
important societal concerns.

28. Participation and Pluralism

Meaning: A political concept known as pluralism asserts that people from various backgrounds, religions, and lifestyles
can live in the same community.
Sentence: Is the idea that while politics and decision-making mostly take place within the framework of government,
numerous non-governmental organizations also use their resources to influence events.

29. Subsidiarity
Meaning: According to the principle of subsidiarity, such governmental responsibilities should be carried out as locally as
feasible as long as they can be done so effectively.
Sentence: According to the idea of subsidiarity, only those responsibilities that cannot be efficiently completed at a more
intermediate or local level should be handled by central authorities in order to foster a government that is responsive to
the needs and aspirations of all citizens.

30. Efficiency
Meaning: The degree to which government uses as few resources as possible to produce a certain output.
Sentence: A strong democracy and good governance are built on an effective public administration, which implies that
elected officials must defend citizens' rights and mobilize resources to provide the community with high-quality goods and
services.

31. Equity
Meaning: Refers to justice and fairness as opposed to equality.
Sentence: Is the active pursuit of justice, equality, and fairness in the creation of public policy, provision of public
services, application of public policy, and administration of all institutions that provide direct or indirect public services.

32. Access to services

Meaning: The activity of providing any or all community members with a good (like gas or electricity) or service (like
transportation).
Sentence: A public service is something provided by the government or another official entity for the benefit of all
members of a certain society or community, such as health care, transportation, or garbage management.

33. Accountability
Meaning: Accountability is the promise that a person or organization will be judged on how they perform or behave in
relation to a duty they has taken on.
Sentence: Accountability is the recognition and acceptance of responsibility for actions, goods, choices, and policies, as
well as their administration, governance, and implementation within the parameters of their respective roles or job
positions, and it includes the need to disclose, defend, and be answerable.

34. Effectiveness
Meaning: Comparing achievable goals with those actually attained is how effectiveness in the public sector is measured.
Sentence: Serving the needs of its residents is the goal of an effective and efficient public administration. Adaptability to
changing conditions is crucial for public agencies and their managers, especially during times of crisis.

The Four Pillars of Public Administration – Economy, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Equity

35. Economy
Meaning:  Economy as the first pillar mainly concerns with the allocation of scarce resources for optimum development.
Sentence: While public administration is unable to preserve such neutrality, economics can.

Three Major Theories of Public Administration

36. Classical Public Administration Theory

Meaning: A government worker who works in a hierarchy is directly under the direct direction of their superior.
Sentence: Any organization or system's design and operation are defined by a classical theory.

37. New Public Management Theory

Meaning: Is a method of managing public service organizations that is employed by government and public service
organizations and institutions at both the sub-national and national levels.
Sentence: Technique that aims to create an administration by applying de-bureaucratization, decentralization, market
orientation of public services, and privatization.

38. Postmodern Public Administration Theory

Meaning: Postmodern public administration theory is the antithesis of positivism and the logic of objective social science.
Sentence: It has to do with consumerism, globalization, and the dispersion of power and the state. The ideas of reason
and science are decentred and regarded as the fundamental facts. Any faith-based behaviors likely to be invalidated by it.

39. Father of Public Administration - Woodrow Wilson

Meaning: Woodrow Wilson is considered the father of public administration for his development of the
bureaucratic state.
Sentence: Wilson increased income taxes, established the War Industries Board, encouraged union collaboration,
enacted the Lever Act to control agriculture and food production, and nationalized the railroad network.

40.Hierarchy
Meaning: Hierarchy describes a system that organizes or ranks things, often according to power or importance.
Sentence:  A group that controls an organization and is divided into different levels
41. Decentralisation
Meaning: Decentralization is the process of distributing authority among multiple smaller groups rather than one large
one.
Sentence: A type of organizational structure where the top management in an organization delegated authority to the
middle and lower levels of management.

42. Span of Control

Meaning: Is the number of employees who directly answer to a manager or other leader.
Sentence: The term "span of control," usually referred to as the "management ratio," describes how many subordinates a
superior directly controls.

42. Unity of Command

Meaning: When there is unity of command, all the troops are commanded by the same trustworthy person.
Sentence: Notion an individual should only answer to one immediate superior. In order to implement this principle,
project managers must create organizational structures. An individual who reports to two supervisors is a good illustration
of weak unity of command.

43. Centralization
Meaning: The process of consolidating planning and decision-making tasks to one leader or place within an organization
is known as centralization.
Sentence: Bringing anything under centralized control or to one location entails centralizing it. If a school system is
centralized, the superintendent may make.

44. Coordination
Meaning: The process of setting up individuals or groups so that they can cooperate effectively.
Sentence: Coordination is the process of planning out the operations of two or more groups so that they may collaborate
effectively and are aware of each other's activities.
45. Delegation of authority
Meaning: Refers to the division of labour and decision-making responsibility to an individual that reports to a leader or
manager.
Sentence: A technique called delegation of authority enables one to give a task to another person. You have many
responsibilities and deadlines to meet as a manager or leader. You assign accountability to your team members to make
sure you meet your deadlines.

46. Ethics in Public Administration

Meaning: In order to guarantee that the public is treated fairly and equitably, public officials must abide by certain rules,
which are defined by ethics.
Sentence: As the collection of moral standards and regulations that force people working in public administration to direct
their professional efforts toward achieving the commonwealth and making the best possible use of moral principles.

Core Values of Public Administration

47. Professional
Meaning: Portray a professional image through reliability, consistency and honesty.
Sentence: Because of the public spotlight, being a public administrator carries certain status. Therefore, public officials
must constantly conduct themselves professionally. They could lose their reputation for everything they do.

48. Democratic
Meaning: Democratic values are found in the very notion of democracy. Democracy's bumper-sticker slogan
reads: government of the people.
Sentence: Political theory's main issue with public administration is the democratic system's responsibility to popular
control.

49. Human
Meaning: Public administrators must always show integrity and be mindful of laws and regulations. .

Sentence: They must refrain from abusing their power. You have to be prepared to deal with the public's relentless
scrutiny if you wish to work as a public administrator.

50. Ethical
Meaning: To gain the public's trust, public officials must conduct themselves honestly in all of their dealings.
Sentence: Honesty and responsibility. Effectiveness and efficiency. Equity and respect. Professionalism and moral
conduct.

51. Data Analytics

Meaning: Is the pursuit of extracting meaning from raw data using specialized computer systems.
Sentence: Data analytics transforms unprocessed data into useful insights. It comprises a variety of methods,
technologies, and tools for leveraging data to identify patterns and address issues.

52. Data Analytics

Meaning: Is the pursuit of extracting meaning from raw data using specialized computer systems.
Sentence: Data analytics transforms unprocessed data into useful insights. It comprises a variety of methods,
technologies, and tools for leveraging data to identify patterns and address issues.

53. Leadership
Meaning: Taking chances and questioning the status quo are key components of leadership.
Sentence: It's someone who uses story, energy, and creativity to imagine a future and enlists others in it. Naturally, a
leader has followers. Those who choose to devote their time and talents to the leader's causes are considered followers.

54. Communication
Meaning: Communication is a process that involves sending and receiving messages through the verbal and non-verbal
methods.
Sentence: Giving, receiving, and exchanging information are all parts of communication, which might take the form of
talking, writing, listening, or reading.
Types of Administration
55. Centralized Administration
Meaning: The highest administrative division that is in charge of supervising all other departments in a company is
known as central administration.
Sentence: The term "central administration" refers to the main office where the most important decisions are made.
Central administration refers to the headquarters, which makes the final decision.

56. Individual Administration

Meaning: Each replica is self-mastering and there is an administrator at each site.
Sentence: At their sites, administrators are in charge of setting up and keeping track of replicas, synchronization
patterns, and schedules.
57. Administrative Law
Meaning: Is a corpus of law that has evolved guidelines intended to make sure that public entities operate in a way that
is morally correct, reasonable, and just.
Sentence: The corpus of law developed by government departments and agencies to implement legislation issued by
Congress or a state legislature is known as administrative law.

58. Philippine Civil Service Act

Meaning: The Civil Service performs all the executive and administrative activities of the. Government based on
provisions in law.
Sentence: Serving the public with competent government services is the responsibility of civil employees. They are in
charge of making sure that laws are applied correctly and that services are rendered efficiently.

59. Non-maleficence
Meaning: Non-maleficence states that a medical practitioner has a duty to do no harm or allow harm to be caused to a patient
through neglect.
Sentence: Every medical decision must take into account all potential advantages, dangers, and side effects because
the principle of non-maleficence dictates that sometimes the best course of action is to do nothing.

Five Codes of Ethics

60. Integrity
Meaning: To behave in accordance with ethical principles, and act in good faith, intellectual honesty and fairness.
Sentence: An individual with integrity will continually display good morals by abstaining from corruption and hypocrisy.
When people behave honourably in the face of adverse circumstances or consequences, integrity is exposed.

61. Objectivity
Meaning: The attribute or trait of being objective : lack of favouritism toward one side or another : independence from
bias.
Sentence:  He tries to maintain objectivity in his judgment.

62. Professional Competence and Due Care

Meaning: Professional competencies are abilities, knowledge and traits that are specifically appreciated by the
professional groups, organizations and bodies associated to your future job.
Sentence: A professional accountant has a continual duty to maintain professional knowledge and competence at the
level required to ensure that a client or employer receives competent professional services based on current changes in
practice, legislation and procedures.
63. Confidentiality
Meaning: Information that is confidential is designed to be kept hidden or private. She accused them of disclosing
confidential details about her private life.
Sentence: The state of being secret. “you must respect the confidentiality of your client's communications” type of:
concealment, privacy, privateness, secrecy.
64. Professional Behavior
Meaning: Professional behavior helps separate business from the personal; it keeps relationships limited to the business
context at hand.
Sentence: Professional behavior in the workplace is a combination of attitude, appearance and manners. It
encompasses the way you speak, appear, act and make judgments.

65. Revised Code of Ethics

Meaning: The revised Code establishes a conceptual framework for all professional accountants to ensure compliance
with the five fundamental principles of ethics.
Sentence: A code of ethics sets forth an organization's ethical rules and best practices to follow for honesty, integrity,
and professionalism.

Structure of Public Administration

66. Governmental institutions and Agencies
Meaning: Government agencies are permanent or semi-permanent bodies in the machinery of government. We
sometimes call them state agencies.
Sentence: Sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent institution in the machinery of
government that is responsible for the oversight and management of specified responsibilities, such as an administration.

67. Intergovernmental Organisations

Meaning:  An organization composed primarily of sovereign states, or of other intergovernmental organizations.
Sentence: Refers to a body constituted by treaty, including two or more nations, to work in good faith, on matters of
common interest. In the absence of a treaty an IGO does not exist in the legal sense.

68. Non-Governmental Organisations

Meaning: They are generally defined as non-profit entities independent of governmental influence although they may
receive government funding.
Sentence: Typically it is a voluntary group or institution with a social objective, which works autonomously from the
government. NGOs or similar groups exist in all countries of the world.
69. Commercial Private Sector
Meaning:  The part of a country's economic system that is run by individuals and companies, rather than a government entity.
Sentence: Most private sector organizations are run with the purpose of producing profit. The component of the economy
under control of the government is known as the public sector.

70. Academic Institutions

Meaning: Academic institution is an educational institution dedicated to education and research, which grants academic
degrees.
Sentence: An academic institution is an entity, such as a university or college, that works independently from other like
entities and has its own set of rules and business operations.

How do you succeed in public administration?

71. Problem solving and critical thinking

Meaning:  The ability to use knowledge, facts, and data to effectively solve problems.
Sentence: Psychoanalysis is a cognitive process that involves the evaluation, appraisal, and reinterpretation of your own
or others' ideas and thought processes.

72. The ability to influence others through reasoned argument

Meaning:  The ability to persuade someone to think or act in the way you want. This ability is an essential part of
leadership.
Sentence: Persuasion is the capacity to influence other people's views and attitudes through convincing arguments and
facts. Persuasion skills are required to help folks explore various points of view in professional situations.

73. Respect for diplomacy

Meaning: Diplomacy is the art and practice of building and maintaining relationships and conducting negotiations with
people using tact and mutual respect.

Sentence: The established method of influencing the decisions and behaviour of foreign governments and peoples through
dialogue.

74. Resilience
Meaning: Resilience is the ability to withstand adversity and bounce back from difficult life events.
Sentence: Resilience is the process and effect of successfully adapting to harsh or challenging life situations, notably
through mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility and adjustment to external and internal pressures.

75. The ability to work collaboratively

Meaning: Skills are what you use to work with others efficiently. In the workplace, collaborating means anything from
brainstorming new ideas with a teammate to problem-solving with a client.
Sentence: Teamwork and collaboration are the ability to collaborate with others on a common task. It's about doing
actions that respect the needs and contributions of others.

76. Leadership
Meaning: It's someone who creates a future and enrolls others in that future through story, energy, and imagination.

Sentence: Leadership is a quality of a person to lead people in every field of work.

Types of Public Administration

77. Public policy and Program Administration

Meaning: Means activities necessary to carry out the operations of the Agency.
Sentence: Implies process of establishing & promulgating a program based on a set of principles • Rule of action,
manifesting or clarifying specific organization goals, objectives, values, or ideals & often prescribing the mandatory or
most desired ways & means for their realization.

78. Organization Studies

Meaning: An interdisciplinary course of study focusing on administrative, economic, political, psychological and
sociological factors that affect cooperative human systems.
Sentence: Organization Studies improving our knowledge of organizations, organizing and the organized in and between
societies.

79. Fiscal Administration

Meaning: The branch of economics that deals with the revenues and expenditures and their impact on the economy.
Sentence: A fiscal administration shows the reality of government and public organization in their provision of public
good or service for the citizen.

80. Local Government and Regional Development

Meaning: Local governance and regional development are key concepts for socioeconomic development of countries.
Sentence: Regional government may focus on the requirements of a local region instead of having to think of the entire
nation all at once. Similarly, local government focuses on the needs of the people who live in that local authority.

81. Voluntary Sector Management,

Meaning: Refers to organisations whose primary purpose is to create social impact rather than profit.
Sentence: One way to think of the voluntary sector is that its purpose is to create social wealth rather than material
wealth.

82. Public Enterprise Management

Meaning:  A business organization wholly or partly owned by the state and controlled through a public authority.
Sentence: A government-owned and controlled corporation (GOCC), frequently with a "and/or", is a state-owned
enterprise that undertakes both commercial and non-commercial activity.

83. Spatial Information Management

Meaning: Takes specific government data and translates it into a tangible visual representation, using Geographic
Information Systems technology.
Sentence: Spatial Information Management is a vital discipline for managing spatial and temporal dynamics, regardless
of whether the dynamics are high or low, simple or hard to understand.

Nature of Public Administration

84. Managerial View

Meaning: Means the managerial activities of people who are involved in planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating
and controlling constitute Public Administration.
Sentence: Managerial view restricts itself only to the activities of the few persons at the top.

85. Integral View

Meaning: A numerical value equal to the area under the graph of a function for some interval or a new function, the
derivative of which is the original function
Sentence: Whose derivative is the integrand. The fundamental theorem of calculus relates the evaluation of definite
integrals to indefinite integrals.

87. Policy Making

Meaning: The activity of deciding on new policies, especially by a government or political party.
Sentence: Policy making broadly refers to the process used by a government to decide what to do (or not to do) about a
public problem or issue that requires its attention and action.

88. ally
Meaning: A person or group that provides assistance and support in an ongoing effort, activity, or struggle.
Sentence: Nature is always allied with the inland man, supporting him and saving him from enemies.

90. Bilateral
Meaning:  Having or involving two sides. Affecting or undertaken by two parties; mutual bilateral treaty.
Sentence: Pertaining to, involving, or affecting two or both sides, factions, parties, or the like: a bilateral agreement; bilateral
sponsorship.

91. Commission
Meaning
Sentence

92. Bureaucratic
Meaning
Sentence

93. Bureaucracy
Meaning
Sentence

94. Constitution
Meaning
Sentence

95. lobbyist
Meaning
Sentence

96. Mitigate
Meaning
Sentence
97. Resolution
Meaning
Sentence

98. Memorandum
Meaning
Sentence

99. Circular
Meaning
Sentence

100. Regulatory
Meaning
Sentence

101. sanctioned
meaning
sentence

102. stakeholder
meaning
sentence

103. statutory
meaning
sentence

104. substantive
meaning
Sentence

105. Tax
Meaning
Sentence
106. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Meaning
Sentence

107. capital offense

meaning
sentence

108. cause of action

meaning
sentence

109.En Banc
Meaning
Sentence

110. Misdemeanor
Meaning
Sentence

111. Magna Carta

Meaning
Sentence

112. Amendment
Meaning
Sentence

113. Bill of Rights

Meaning
Sentence

114. Veto
Meaning
Sentence

115. Constitutional Government

Meaning
Sentence

116. adjourn
meaning
sentence

117. appropriation
meaning
Sentence

118. censure
meaning
sentence

119. ratification
meaning
sentence

120. override
meaning
sentence