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Nigdi.
PRESENTED BY
Ms. M.R. Zade
Course Name: Theory of Machines C406
Year of Study: 2016-17
C406.1 Identify machine elements, mechanisms and understand their kinematics and
dynamics.
Cams can be classified based upon the direction of motion of the follower relative to the axis of
rotation of the cam.
Plate Cams:
Follower moves at right angle to axis of rotation of the cam.
Cylindrical Cams:
Follower moves in a direction parallel to cam axis.
Several different types of follower mechanisms exist.
2) Establish radius of base circle of cam. Radius of base circle is equal to the distance from the lowest
point on the cam periphery to the center of rotation of the cam.
a) diameter of base circle must be at least as large as the diameter of the hub.
b) In cams made integral with shaft, the diameter of the base circle must be at least equal
to shaft diameter.
c) Forces associated with follower motion will generate stresses in the cam shaft which
must be sized to operate safely with the stress loading.
3) Modify radius of base circle using rise from displacement desired from followers as cam shafts rotates.
Method used to modify base circle depends on type of follower.
• Interval from 00 -> 2100 has been divided into 14 subintervals producing an angle increment of ∆Ѳ =
210/14 = 150 for each subinterval.
• Base circle has been divided into corresponding angular increments of 150 with radial lines emanating
from center of base circle every 150 .
• Length of any radial line emanating from center of base circle to periphery of cam can be determined as
follows.
where Length of radial line emanating from
center of For subinterval #10 base circle to periphery of cam.
radius of base circle
rise of cam
l rb x l Lift of cam
l10 rb L rb
x
L
Pressure angle:
Angle between the normal to the cam at a point and the radial line passing through the point. Pressure
angle can vary as you move from point to point along the periphery of the cam.
Note:
To prevent the possibility of binding a pointer follower the pressure angle is usually not permitted to
exceed 300 .
Q: At what point is Φ =0 for the previous example?
Given displacement diagram below, assume cam shaft us rotating at 600 rpm and the left L=1in, plot
velocity of follower as a function of time.
Curves resulting in uniform velocities over various subintervals may generate large jumps in the values
of acceleration for the follower.
Shape of displacement curve can be utilized to control velocity and/or acceleration of follower. Shape of
displacement curve can be categorized based upon acceleration characteristics of follower.
Graphical procedures may be utilized to generate displacement diagram for each category of curve.
L
X (1 cos )
2 0
Velocity and acceleration accompanying the displacement curve for harmonic motion can be obtained
by utilizing the relationship Ѳ=ωt and differentiating.
Equating describing velocity and/or acceleration for each category of curves as a function of position are
provided in the table below.
Different types of motion can be combined into a displacement curve to achieve motion characteristics
consisted with requirements of application.
Example shown below depicts a displacement diagram possessing intervals exhibiting harmonic
motion, dwelling characteristics and constant velocity motion.
Geometry of a circle can also be utilized to generate cycloidal curves. The geometry must be different
from the configuration used in harmonic motion since the cycloidal curve is different from the harmonic
curve.
2 options are available.
Simplest technique utilizes rolling circle designated as A.