The Rules of Differentiation

(Theorems)

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Prepared by
Mr. R. P. Agaloos 2nd QUARTER
 Learning Outline

1. Rules of differentiation
2. Find the derivative of algebraic functions using rules of
differentiation (theorems)
3. Higher Order Derivative of a polynomial function

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
2nd QUARTER
Differentiation Rules
(Theorems)
and Examples
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
2nd QUARTER
As we know, the process of finding the derivative of a function
is called differentiation. This process was based directly on the
limit definition of derivative,

Limit definition of derivative: Equivalently,

We have seen that this approach is rather slow , clumsy or too long. So
our purpose in our present discussion is to develop a small number of
formal rules that will enable us to differentiate large classes of
functions quickly, by purely mechanical procedures.
Differentiation Rules
(Theorems)

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
2nd QUARTER
5
THEOREMS: DIFFERENTIATION RULE SYMBOL
1. Constant Function Rule Dx C = 0
2. Identity Function Rule Dx x = 1
3. Power Rule Dx xn = nxn-1
4. Constant Multiple Rule Dx [C⦁ = C⦁
5. The Linearity Rule Dx ( ± v) = ±
6. Product Rule Dx [ ●] = +
=●+ ●
7. Quotient Rule Dx =

8. Chain Rule Dx = ⦁
Proofs and Examples

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
2nd QUARTER
1. Constant Function Rule: Dx (C) = 0
If C is a constant and if for all , then

Proof: Find the derivative:

. 1) 5 0

2) -2 0

= 3) 0 0
Dx (C) = 0
2. Identity Function Rule: Dx = 1
This rule is applicable only if the function is equal to a differentiable function .

Proof:
. Differentiate:
1

=
Dx = 1
3. Power Rule: Dx n = n-1
If n is an exponent, whether positive, negative or fractional number and if
then
Differentiate:
1) 3 2

2) -8
-8 - 9
or -
3)
or

10
4. Constant Multiple Rule: Dx C⦁ f(x) = C⦁ f’(x)
The derivative of a constant C times a function is equal to the constant
times the derivative of the function if this derivative exists.

Find the derivative:

1) 2)
. ⦁ Dx . ⦁ Dx
. 5⦁1 . 2⦁7
. 5 . 2⦁7
14
5. The Linearity Rule: Dx ( ± v) = ±

Let = f(x) and v = g(x)

If f and g are functions and if h(x) is the function
defined by:
h(x) = f(x) + g(x)
then, if f’(x) and g’(x) exist,
h’(x) = f’(x) + g’(x) Sum:
Dx [f(Dx f(

Difference:
Dx [f(Dx f(
The Linearity Rule: Dx ( ± v) = ±

Sum:
Dx [f(Dx f(

Difference:
Dx [f(Dx f(
Find the derivative:
1) +
. Dx + Dx
. +1
. +1
The Linearity Rule: Dx ( ± v) = ±

Sum:
Dx [f(Dx f(

Difference:
Differentiate: Dx [f(Dx f(

2) + + 10
. Dx + Dx + Dx 10
++0
+2
The Linearity Rule: Dx ( ± v) = ±
Sum:
Dx [f(Dx f(

Differentiate: Difference:
Dx [f(Dx f(
3) 2 + 2 5
. Dx Dx (2 + Dx (2 Dx 5
+ 2 Dx - Dx 5
+21–0
+2-0
+2
15
6. Product Rule : Dx [ ●] = +
′ ′
h ( 𝑥 )=𝑢⦁ 𝑣 +𝑣 ⦁ 𝑢 ′
Let = f(x) and = g(x)

If f and g are functions and if h(x) is the function

defined by: h(x) = f(x) ⦁ g(x)
then, if f’(x) and g’(x) exist,
h’(x) = f(x)⦁ Dx g(x) + g(x)⦁ Dx f(x)
or
Product Rule : Dx [ ●] = +
′ ′
h ( 𝑥 )=𝑢⦁ 𝑣 +𝑣 ⦁ 𝑢 ′

Differentiate: Solution:
1) y = (2x) (x+4) y = (2x) (x+4)
y’ =
Let = 2x
=2 y’ = (2x)⦁ 1 + (x+4) ⦁ 2
y’ = 2x + 2x + 8
y’ = 4x + 8
Product Rule : Dx [ ●] = +
′ ′
h ( 𝑥 )=𝑢⦁ 𝑣 +𝑣 ⦁ 𝑢 ′
Differentiate:
1) h(x) = (2x2 – 4x )()
Let Solution:
= 2x2 – 4x h’(x)=
= 4x – 4
h’(x) = (2x2 – 4x )⦁ () + () ⦁ (4x – 4)
.
h’(x) = (6x4 -12x3 + 2x2 – 4x) + (4x4-4x3 + 4x2 -4x)
. 3x2 + 1
h’(x) = 10x4 – 16x3 + 6x2 – 8x
7. Quotient Rule : Dx =

Let = f(x) and = g(x)

If f and g are functions and if h(x) is the function defined by

= where ≠ 0
Then if and exist,
=
7. Quotient Rule : Dx =

Find the derivative:

y= Solution:
y=
Let y' =
= 4x2 + 1 y' =
= 8x
y' = =
.
.1
20
8. Chain Rule: Dx = ⦁

Let

This rule is applicable if a function is raised to a certain value. For

example the function is differentiable and any integer as an
exponent.

y= (applying the power rule then

y’ = ⦁ (multiply by the derivative of
8. Chain Rule: Dx = ⦁

Find the derivative: Solution:

y = (3x + 4)2 y’ = ⦁
y’ = 2(3x + 4)2-1 ⦁
y’ = 2(3x + 4)1 ⦁
y’ = (6x + 8) ⦁
y’ = 18x + 24
Check Your
Understanding
!
Find the derivative
of the following:

1) f(x) = x3(4x+7)

15
3
42
2) y =

3) y =
Higher Order Derivative of a Polynomial
Function
If a function is differentiable:

– first derivative

– 2nd derivative by differentiating

the 1st derivative

And so on…

Highest Order Derivative – if we

continue the process of getting
the derivative of a certain
function, the result will eventually
equal to zero
Higher Order Derivative of a Polynomial
Function
Find the highest order derivative: = 2x4 – x3 + x2 + 1

= 2x4 – x3 + x2 + 1
= 8x3 – 3x2 + 2x first derivative
= 8x3 – 3x2 + 2x
= 24x2 – 6x + 2 second derivative
= 24x2 – 6x + 2
= 48x – 6 third derivative
= 48 fourth derivative
=0 fifth derivative (this it the highest order derivative)

25
Higher Order Derivative of a Polynomial
Function
Find the 2nd order derivative: = (x + 4 ) (x + 3)

= (x + 4 ) (x + 3) better to use power rule instead of product rule

= x2 + 7x + 12

= x2 + 7x + 12 first derivative
= 2x + 7

= 2x + 7 second derivative
=2
Higher Order Derivative of a Polynomial
Function
Find the 2nd order derivative: =

= use quotient rule

= first derivative
= rewrite into a different form
law of exponents Let = =
= -11 (2x-1)-2 use chain rule = =
= 44 (2x-1)-3 law of exponents
= second derivative
Synchronous Learning
END SESSION
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
2nd QUARTER