DIESEL ENGINE

OVERVIEW
WHAT IS A DIESEL ENGINE ?
• RECIPROCATING ENGINE
• INTERNEL COMBUSTION ENGINE
• COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE
• TWO OR FOUR STROKE ENGINE
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 HISTORY OF DIESEL ENGINE

• AKROYD-STUART CONSTRUCTED THE FIRST

COMPRESSION-IGNITION OIL ENGINE IN
ENGLAND IN 1891

• RUDOLPH DIESEL DEVELOPED AND PATENTED

HIS COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE IN
GERMANY IN 1892
• THE DIESEL ENGINE WAS ORIGINALLY
DEVELOPED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE STEAM
ENGINE WHICH WAS CONSIDERED INEFFICIENT
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 HISTORY OF DIESEL ENGINE

• IT FIRST USED PEANUT OIL AS A FUEL

– THE ORIGINAL BIODIESEL. ONLY IN
1920 WAS FOSSIL FUEL USED.

• DIESEL ENGINES WERE ONLY USED AS

A STATIONARY PRIME MOVER UNTIL
1930 WHEN THEY WERE DEVELOPED
FOR VEHICULAR USE.

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OPERATION OF A DIESEL ENGINE
HOW A DIESEL ENGINE WORKS
• THE FOUR-STROKE DIESEL CYCLE

• THE TWO-STROKE DIESEL CYCLE

• THE THERMODYNAMICS CYCLE

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SIMPLE CROSS SECTION
THE FOUR STROKE CYCLE
THE FOUR STROKE CYCLE-TOP
THE FOUR STROKE CYCLE-BOTTOM
CROSS SECTION OF A TWO STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
THE TWO STROKE CYCLE
THE TWO STROKE CYCLE-BOTTOM
THE TWO STROKE CYCLE-BOTTOM
THE THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE
 CONSTRUCTION OF
A DIESEL ENGINE
CROSS-SECTION OF A DIESEL
ENGINE
• IN-LINE DIESEL ENGINE

• V-TYPE DIESEL ENGINE

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IN-LINE DIESEL ENGINE
CAT IN-LINE TOP LEFT
CAT IN-LINE TOP RIGHT
CAT IN-LINE BOTTOM
 CONSTRUCTION OF
A DIESEL ENGINE (continued)
MAIN COMPONENTS OF A
DIESEL ENGINE (Part 1)
• CYLINDER BLOCK

• PISTON AND PISTON RINGS

• CONNECTING ROD

• CYLINDER SLEEVE

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BASIC BLOCK COMPONENTS
BASIC BLOCK COMPONENTS
 CONSTRUCTION OF
A DIESEL ENGINE (continued)
MAIN COMPONENTS OF A DIESEL
ENGINE (Part 2)
• CRANKSHAFT

• FLYWHEEL & VIBRATION DAMPER

• TIMING GEARS, CAMSHAFT, AND VALVE

MECHANISM

• CYLINDER HEAD AND VALVES

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BASIC BLOCK COMPONENTS
CYLINDER HEAD
EXPLODED VIEW OF A CYLINDER HEAD
DIESEL ENGINE SUB SYSTEMS
• COOLING SYSTEM

• LUBRICATION SYSTEM

• FUEL SYSTEM

• AIR INTAKE AND EXHAUST SYSTEM

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THE COOLING SYSTEM
THE LUBRICATING SYSTEM
THE FUEL SYSTEM
THE FUEL INJECTION PUMP
THE PRECOMBUSTION CHAMBER
EXPLODED VIEW OF A CYLINDER HEAD
THE AIR & EXHAUST SYSTEM
THE AIR INTAKE SYSTEM
THE EXHAUST SYSTEM
 DIESEL ENGINE CONTROL
MONITOR
 TACHOMETER

 HOUR METER

 BATTERY CHARGING METER

 COOLANT TEMPERATURE GAUGE

 OIL PRESSURE GAUGE

 OIL TEMPERATURE GAUGE

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 DIESEL ENGINE CONTROL
PROTECTION

 LOW COOLANT LEVEL

 HIGH COOLANT TEMPERATURE

 LOW OIL PRESSURE

 ENGINE OVERSPEED
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DIESEL ENGINE MAINTENANCE

• MANUFACTURER’S MAINTENANCE
MANUAL

• SCHEDULE OF MAINTENANCE

• ENGINE OIL

• DIESEL FUEL
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 MANUFACTURERS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
250 HOURS 1000 HOURS 4000 HOURS
DAILY WEEKLY or 6 MONTHS or 1 YEAR or 2 YEARS

1 Check operator's report 1 Repeat Daily 1 Repeat Weekly 1 Repeat 250 hours 1 Repeat 1000 hours

2 Check engine coolant 2 Check air cleaner: 2 Change engine oil 2 Adjust valves & 2 Clean & calibrate
level a Clean precleaner injectors injectors, fuel pump
pan 3 Change filters: and aneroid
3 Check engine oil level b Check restriction a Oil full flow
indicator b Oil by-pass
4 Visually inspect engine c Clean/change air c Fuel filter 3 Check and/or rebuild
for damage leaks, loose cleaner element and/or replace the
or frayed belts and d Change oil bath following assemblies
listen for unusal noises. cleaner oil a Turbocharger
3 Drain air tanks b Vibration damper
5 Drain water/sediment
from fuel tanks and 4 Rebuild or replace the
fuel filters. following assemblies
a Fan hub
b Idler pulley assembly
c Water pump
d Back side idler

5 Clean & flush cooling

system
 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE BOARD
LAST NEXT
ITEM DESCRIPTION MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE REMARKS

DATE HOUR APPROX. HOUR

METER DATE METER

210-1 DIESEL ALTERNATOR 1 02-06-96 7284 21-07-96 7534 250 HRS TYPE

210-2 DIESEL ALTERNATOR 2 20-06-96 5710 10-08-96 5960 2,000 HRS TYPE

210-3 TURBO ALTERNATOR 1 01-06-96 - 01-07-96 - MONTHLY

 DAILY CHECK LIST
DIESEL ALTERNATOR NO. 1
DAILY CHECK LIST FOR THE MONTH OF ______________

CHECK
DATE HOUR HOURS OIL RADIATOR LEAKAGE LOOSE CHECKED REMARKS
METER RUN LEVEL WATER PARTS BY
LEVEL

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
 HOURLY CHECK LIST
DIESEL ALTERNATOR NO. 1
DAILY LOG SHEET FOR ______________ (DATE)

ALL DATA TO BE ENTERED EVERY HOUR WHEN THE GENERATING SET IS IN OPERATION

ENGINE SWITCHBOARD
TIME HOUR RPM OIL OIL WATER AMP AMP AMP VOLT VOLT VOLT HZ PF CHECKED REMARKS
METER PRESS TEMP TEMP R Y B RY YB BR BY

USE ADDITIONAL SHEETS IF NECESSARY

 PERFORMACNE OF A DIESEL
ENGINE

• COMPARISON BETWEEN PETROL & DIESEL

ENGINE

• CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF DIESEL ENGINE

• SPECIFICATIONS OF A DIESEL ENGINE

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PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
FOUR STROKE CYCLE, TURBOCHARGED, AFTERCOOLED,
IN-LINE, 6 CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE.

60 Hz 50 Hz
1800 RPM 1500 RPM
Rated Output @ 0.8 PF with fan Standby1 Prime2 Standby1 Prime2

KW 450 410 400 360

KVA 563 513 500 450

Approx. fuel consumption at

3/4 rated output
Litres/hr. 91 87 79 76
U.S. gals/hr. 24 23 21 20

Bore and Stroke 159 x 159 mm (6 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.)

Displacement 19 L (1150 cu.in.)

Aprox. Dry Weight 3668 kg (8,080 lbs.)

CATERPILLAR IN-LINE DIESEL ENGINE
DIESEL ENGINE IN-LINE TOP
DIESEL ENGINE IN-LINE MIDDLE
DIESEL ENGINE IN-LINE BOTTOM
CAT V-8 DIESEL ENGINE
V-8 DIESEL ENGINE-TOP
V-8 DIESEL ENGINE-BOTTOM
THE MOST POWERFUL DIESEL
ENGINE IN THE WORLD
• The Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C turbocharged two-
stroke diesel engine is the most powerful and most
efficient prime-mover in the world today

• These engines were designed primarily for very large

container ships.

• They are turbocharged two-stroke diesel engines

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Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C Diesel Engine
PISTON

PISTON
ROD
COMPLETE PISTON ASSEMBLY
CRANKSHAFT
MAIN BEARING
CYLINDER BLOCK
THE COMPLETE ENGINE
THANK YOU