Course Contents

Week Topic
1 Overview of Database Design
 Introduction to Databases Design
 Database Management System (DBMS)
 Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
 Database Components
 Week 1 – Learning Objectives
Students will be able to:
• explain the purpose of database system
• define main components of database
environment
• explain the functions of DBMS
• define main phases of database design
in DBLC
 Why Database?
• Arose because:
– No provision for security and integrity, no
recovery, no provision for sharing
– Definition of data was embedded in application
programs, rather than being stored separately and
independently.
– No control over access and manipulation of data
beyond that imposed by application programs.
• To be effective:
– new approach is introduced - Database and the
Database Management System (DBMS).
 Database
• Definition:
– Shared collection of logically related data (and a
description of this data), designed to meet the
information needs of an organization.
– System catalogue (metadata) provides
description of data to enable program – data
independence.
– Logically related data comprises entities,
attributes, and relationships of an organization’s
information.
DBMS Environment

ANSI-SPARC Three-Level Architecture

DBMS Environment

Differences between the three-Level

 DBMS Environment

A system that helps to understand the

ANALYSIS

real-world situation

DESIGN
Makes
comparisons

Thinks A real-world
about situation or
problem
Database Management System (DBMS)

• A software system that enables users to

define, create, maintain, and control access
to the database.

• (Database) application program: a

computer program that interacts with
database by issuing an appropriate request
(SQL statement) to the DBMS.
Database Management System (DBMS)
Components of a DBMS

DBMS
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Database Lifecycle
(DBLC)

Will be focused

Note:
Section 9 -> 10
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 Main activities in DBLC
Stages Main Activities
Database Planning Planning how the stages of the lifecycle can be realized most efficiently and
effectively.

System Definition Specifying the scope and boundaries of database system.

Requirement collection and Collection and analysis of the requirements for the new database system.
analysis

Database design Conceptual, logical and physical design of the database.

DBMS selection Selecting a suitable DBMS for the database system.
Application design Design the user interface and the application program that use and process
the database.

Prototyping Building a working model of the database system.

Implementation Creating the physical database definitions and the application programs.
Data conversion and loading Loading data from old system to the new system.
Testing Database system is tested for errors and validated against the requirements
specified by the user.

Operational maintenance Database system is fully implemented and continuously monitored.

Parallel activities in the DBLC and SDLC
 Why Database Design is Important?

• Database design focuses on design of

database structure used for end-user data
– Designer must identify database’s expected use
• Well-designed database:
– Facilitates data management
– Generates accurate and valuable information
• Poorly designed database:
– Causes difficult-to-trace errors
– Increase costs, degrade performances
 Database Design
• Process of creating a design for a database
that will support the enterprise’s mission
statement and mission objectives for the
required database system.
• The design is made up of three (3) main
phases: conceptual, logical, and physical.
• A specific approach and model are applied
for designing a proper database system.

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 Database Design Approach
Main approaches include:
– Top-down, Bottom-up, Inside-out, Mixed

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 Database Model
• Main purposes of data modeling include:
– to assist in understanding the meaning
(semantics) of the data;
– to facilitate communication about the
information requirements.

• Building data model requires answering

questions about entities, relationships, and
attributes.
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Database Model - Example

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Database Model - Exercise

Identify data to be captured !!!, Make a list

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END OF TOPIC 1, WEEK 1

Any Questions?

Thanks