19th Century
Literature
 The 19th Century
(Age of Revolution)

▪ Industrial Revolution – new modes of production,

transportation and communication were introduced.
POLITICAL REVOLUTION
▪ French Revolution
▪ American Revolution
 ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SITUATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 

▪ 19th century was referred as a long century in the Philippines history

because of the numerous changes that happened during this
period. 
▪ 1830 - Abolition of the Galleon trade.
 ▪ Economic opportunities created by the industrial revolution had
encouraged Spain in 1834 to open the Philippine economy to the world
commerce.
▪ The Philippine became a supplier of raw materials for the industries of
the west by utilizing its unutilized land resources to venture into cash
crop agriculture.
▪ British, Dutch and American trading companies invested large capital in
the country for the large scale production, such us tobacco and sugar.
▪ This made the inquilino class wealthy.
Philippine Revolts against Spain during
the 19th century

▪ Basi revolts – led by Pedro Mateo and Salarogo Ambaristo

▪ Cofradia de San Jose- led by Apolinario de la Cruz
EDUCATION AND THE RISE OF THE
ILUSTRADOS 

▪ Filipino and Chinese-Mestizo elite families sent their children to take

professional courses not only in the Philippines but also in Europe.
▪ 1859 - Opening of the Suez Canal  that made travelling to Europe
easier.
▪ Reformed and Propaganda Movement - the movement that had a
more nationalistic and racial dimension fueled by the sufferings
and discriminations experienced by Filipinos under the Spaniards
Padre Jose Burgos - A native secular priest who fought for equal rights
among the clergy.
▪ February 17, 1872 – Jacinto Zamora, Mariano Gomez and Burgos were
executed.
▪ Rizal moved back to the Philippines in 1892 and established La
Liga Filipina.