Interactive Computations

• Matrices and Vectors

• A Matrix is entered row-wise, with consecutive elements of a row
separated by space or a comma and the rows separated by semi
colons or carriage returns. The entire matrix must be enclosed
within square brackets. Elements of the matrix may be real
numbers, complex numbers or valid MATLAB expression.
• matlab equivalent input A=[1 2 5;3 9 0]
• , matlab equivalent input
• B=[2*x log(x)+sin(y); 5i 3+2i]
• Continuation:
• If it is not possible to type the entire input on the same line then use three
consecutive periods (...) to signal continuation, and continue the input on the
next line the three periods are called ellipses.
• Following three commands are equivalent
Indexing (or Subscripting)

• Once a matrix exists, its elements are accessed by specifying their row and
column indices. Thus A(i, j) in matlab referse to the element of matrix A, i.e.
the element in the row and column.
• Matlab allows a range of rows and columns to specify at the same time for
example the statement A(m:n,k:l) specifies rows m to n and columns k to l of
Matrix A.
• Following are some examples:
Dimension
• Metrics dimensions are determined automatically by MATLAB
i.e. no explicit dimension declaration is required.
• Dimensions of an existing matrix may be obtained by the
command size(A) or more explicitly [m, n]=size(A), which
assigns the number of rows and columns of A to the variable m
and n, respectively.
• When a matrix entered by specifying a single element or a few
elements of the matrix MATLAB creates a metrics just big enough
to accommodate the elements. Thus, if the matrix is B and C do
not exist already, then
Matrix Manipulation
In MATLAB one can easily extract desired rows and columns by creating index
vectors with numbers representing the desired rows and columns.
Reshaping matrices

Matrix can be reshaped into a vector or any other appropriately sized matrix.
Transpose
• The transpose of a matrix a is obtained by typing A’, i. e. , the name of the
matrix followed by the single right quote.
• For real matrix A, the command produces , that is , and for a complex matrix
A, produces the conjugate transpose , that is .
Initialization
Initialization of a matrices is not necessary in MATLAB however it is
advisable in the following two cases :
1. Large matrices: If you are going to generate or manipulate a large matrix
initialize the matrix to a zero matrix of required dimension. An matrix can
be initialized by the command A=zeros(m,n). The initialization
reserves for the matrix a contagious block in the computer's memory.
Matrix operations performed on such matrices are generally more
efficient .
2. Dynamic matrices: If the rows or columns of a matrix are computed in a
loop (e.g. for or while loop) and appended to the matrix in each
execution of the loop, then you might want to initialize the matrix to a null
matrix before the loop starts. A null matrix A is created by the command
A=[]
Example of
Dynamic
Matrix
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