RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT OF FACILITIES AND SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

 
  
BY
 

 TAKWATE, Kwaji Tizhe

PhD/SE/14/0244
 

N.C.E (Technical) The Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State

B.Sc.Ed. (Business Education) University of Maiduguri, Borno State
M.Ed. (Educational Management) MAUTECH, Yola, Adamawa State

 
 STATUS: SEMINAR

 
SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR J. M. NDAGANA
CO-SUPERVISOR: DR. K. M. BADAU
 
   

July, 2017
 
1.1 Background of the Study

Stakeholders in the Nigerian education system have been agitated as a result of

persistent and alarming slide being experienced in the system in spite of efforts
by successive governments which have sought to improve the system but to no
avail. Different kinds of problems ranging from mismanagement of allocated
resources to declining standard of education are being experienced (Olaniyan
& Anthony, 2013).

These according to Amuche, Amuche, Bello and Marwan (2014) result in

dwindling performance of students in external examinations such as the Senior
School Certificate Examination (SSCE) organized by West African Examination
Council (WAEC).
 PERCENTAGES OF STUDENTS THAT OBTAINED 5 CREDITS AND ABOVE PLUS
MATHEMATICS AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIA VERSES ADAMAWA STATE
2007 - 2016
70

60

50

40

Nigeria % Passes
Adamawa State % Passes
30

20

10

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Source: Anaba, A. (2013). Special report: 64.26% credit pass in WAEC? Madam Minister, we need to reconsider this ‘miracle’. Retrieved on 3 /01/017
rd

from www.thescoopng.com/.../special-report-6...
Abah, C. (2016). Again, south-east leads again in WASSCE performance chart. Retrieved on 16 th/10?2016 from www. ThePunchng.com/…/
WASSCE-performance-chart …online.
1. Overcrowded Classroom 2. Last time Schools were
Renovated 2003

3.Falling classrooms’ Ceilings 4. Faded Blackboard

1.2 Statement of the Problem
Poor management of educational facilities has been examined by educationists
in the different States of Nigeria and concluded that States have not been able to
plan, allocate, utilize and maintain educational facilities even where there is
evidence of funding of capital projects (Badau, 2010; Danjuma & Adeleye, 2015).

The poor performance of students in examinations in most States of Nigeria had

been largely attributed to poor management of school facilities (Uko, Umosen &
Caleb, 2015).

Fabunmi in Owoeye and Yara (2011), affirmed that there is a big gap in quality,
resulting from large number of students in crowded classrooms, using
inadequate and obsolete equipment and disillusioned teachers.
5. Students performing Practical with 6. Blown-off Classrooms 7. Students reading for end
very few Equipment in the Laboratory
of Term Exams

8. Students writing WAEC/SSCE 9. Classroom without Furniture

10. Block of Classrooms without
Windows and Doors
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between management of
facilities and Senior Secondary School students’ academic performance in Adamawa State,
Nigeria. Specifically the study determined the:

1. Efficiency of school facilities planning.

2. Efficiency of school facilities allocation.
3. Efficiency of school facilities administration.
4. Efficiency of school facilities maintenance.
5. Availability of school facilities allocated to Senior Secondary Schools.
6. Senior Secondary School students’ level of academic performance.
7. Relationship between school facilities planning efficiency and students’ academic
performance.
8. Relationship between bases for allocating school facilities and students’ academic
performance.
9. Relationship between school facilities administrative efficiency and students’ academic
performance.
10. Relationship between school facilities maintenance efficiency and students’ academic
performance
11. Relationship between availability of school facilities and students’ academic
performance
1.4 Research Questions
1. How efficient is school facilities planning in Adamawa State Senior Secondary
Schools?

2. What are the bases for allocating school facilities to Senior Secondary Schools in
Adamawa State?

3. What is the level of administrative efficiency put into the use of school facilities in
Adamawa State Senior Secondary Schools?

4. How efficient is the maintenance of school facilities in Senior Secondary Schools in

Adamawa State?

5. What is the level of available school facilities allocated to Senior Secondary Schools
in Adamawa State?

6. What is the academic performance of Senior Secondary School students’ in

Adamawa State?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance:

1. There is no significant relationship between school facilities planning efficiency and

Senior Secondary Schools students’ academic performance in Adamawa State, Nigeria.

2. There is no significant relationship between school facilities allocative efficiency and

Senior Secondary Schools students’ academic performance in Adamawa State, Nigeria.

3. There is no significant relationship between level administrative efficiency put into the
use of school facilities and Senior Secondary Schools students’ academic performance
in Adamawa State, Nigeria.

4. There is no significant relationship between school facilities maintenance efficiency and

Senior Secondary Schools students’ academic performance in Adamawa State, Nigeria.

5. There is no significant relationship between level of availability of school facilities and

Senior Secondary Schools students’ academic performance in Adamawa State, Nigeria.

6. There are no significant relationship among facilities management variables (planning,

allocation, administration and maintenance) and Senior Secondary Schools students’
academic performance in Adamawa State, Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This research will benefit the senior secondary schools because their priority in term of
school facilities needs will be identified for effective planning, allocation and maintenance. It
will also be significant to education managers, Adamawa State Ministry of Education,
principals, vice-principals, teachers and students.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The study was carried out on the management of school facilities in public senior secondary
schools in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study covered the strategies used in planning,
allocating, controlling and maintaining school facilities in all the senior secondary schools in
the five education zones of Adamawa State – Numan, Ganye, Yola, Gombi, Mubi. This study
was delimited to only senior secondary schools (boarding, day, science and arts) which write
the Senior Schools Certificate Examination (SSCE) and their results 2013-2015 was used to
assess students’ academic performance in Adamawa State, Nigeria.
 1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
The following terms were operationally defined:

•School facilities

•Management of facilities

•School facilities planning efficiency

•School facilities allocative efficiency

•School facilities administrative efficiency

•School facilities maintenance efficiency

•Student’s Academic Performance

•Senior Secondary school

 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
The present review of related literature was organized under the following
subheadings:

2.1 Theoretical framework of the study

2.2 Concept of school facilities management
2.3 Concept of students’ academic performance
2.4 Efficiency of school facilities planning and students’ academic
performance
2.5 Efficiency of school facilities allocation and students’ academic
performance
2.6 Efficiency of school facilities administration and students’ academic
performance
2.7 Efficiency of school facilities maintenance and students’ academic
performance
2.8 Availability of school facilities and students’ academic performance
2.9 Review of related empirical studies
2.10 Summary of literature review and uniqueness of the study
2.1 Theoretical Framework of the Study
The present study is based on Yutchman and Seashore’s (1967) System Resource
Theory of Organizational Effectiveness. The theory states that, an organization is
said to be effective when it has the ability to secure an advantageous bargaining
position in its environment and capitalize on that position to acquire, judiciously
distribute, and monitor utilization of scarce resources. According to this theory, an
organization is efficient when it is able to adequately acquire, rationally distribute,
efficiently utilize and regularly maintain scarce resources in implementing its
programmes.

Therefore, since the effectiveness of an organization is measured in terms of its

capability to acquire resources, utilize and maintain them in achieving the
organizations objectives, Yutchman and Seashore (1967) system resource theory
of organizational effectiveness is relevant to this study.
 CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

This chapter described the research design, area of the study, population of the
study, sample and sampling technique, instrument for data collection, validation of
the instrument, reliability of the instrument, method of data collection and method
of data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

Correlational research design was adopted for the study. Correlational research
design according to Leedy and Ormrod (2010) collects and analyses relevant data
about population by using questionnaire and/or checklist which is beyond the
manipulation of the researcher.
3.2 Area of Study
The study was carried out using all the public senior secondary schools in Adamawa State,
Nigeria. This area consists of twenty-one Local Government Areas namely: Michika,
Madagali, Mubi-North, Mubi-South, Maiha, Yola-north, Yola-South, Hong, Gombe, Song,
Girei, Numan, Fofure, Guyuk, Lamurde, Jada, Demsa, Ganye,
Shalleng, Mayo-Belwa and Toungo which are grouped into five education zones (Mubi,
Gombi, Yola, Numan and Ganye).

3.3 Population of the Study

The target population for this study - 6,717
made up of:
•19 – Adamawa State Ministry of Education Planning Division Staff
•248 – Senior Secondary School Principals.
•6,450 - Teachers .
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique
The total sample for the study was - 549.

made up:

•19 - staff of Adamawa State Ministry of Education planning division,

•153 - school principals and
•377 - teachers.

The sample size for school principals (153) and teachers (377) were determined
using Taro Yeman formula (Uzoagulu, 2008).
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection

Four research instruments were used for collecting data for the study.

•School Facilities Planning and Allocation Questionnaire (SFPAQ)

• Management of School Facilities Questionnaire (MSFQ)

•Students’ Academic Performance Pro-forma

•Checklist of School Facilities Availability

3.6 Validation of Instrument
To determine the validity of the Questionnaires, Checklist and Students’
Academic Performance Pro-forma, the drafted copies containing forty-four
items were presented for face and content validation, observation and
suggestions to three experts one from Adamawa State University, Mubi
Department of Science Education and two from Moddibo Adama University
of Technology, Yola Adamawa State, Department of Science Education. All
the suggestions and recommendations of the validators were considered
and used in the final preparation of the questionnaire which contains forty-
three items.
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument
The reliability of the instruments were determined through a pilot study using 50
respondents comprising five school principals and forty-five teachers selected at
random from five senior secondary in Taraba State.

The overall reliability coefficient for SFPAQ and MSFQ was 0.82 and 0.76
respectively which gave a high reliability index for the full length of the test using
Cronbach alpha.

3.8 Method of Data Collection

The primary data were collected by administering two close ended
questionnaires, checklist and students’ academic performance pro-forma to the
respondents with the help of one research assistant selected from each
education zone in Adamawa State after getting permission from the appropriate
authorities of the Ministry of Education of Adamawa State and the principals of
the 153 Senior Secondary Schools via a letter of introduction which the
researcher received from the Head of Department of Science Education,
Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola Adamawa State, Nigeria. The rate
of retrieval for all the instruments administered was 100%.
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean scores, and standard deviation) were
used to answer research questions 1 – 6. Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Coefficient (r) was used for testing null hypotheses 1 – 5. While hypothesis six
was tested using Multiple Correlation Coefficient to establish the inter-
correlation among the management of school facilities variables.

For this study 2.50 being the upper limit of four-point Likert scale was the
decision point.

The decision point for testing the null hypotheses was based on comparing the
calculated values of ‘r’ to 0.05 level of significance using SPSS version 16. A null
hypothesis was rejected when the calculated value is greater than the critical
value of the statistics (P-value). Otherwise the null hypothesis was accepted
when the calculated value is less than the critical value (P-value).
 

 
 CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Findings of the Study
The following are summaries of findings of the study:
1. School facilities planning in Adamawa State SSS were efficient (2.67±24.85).

2. The bases for allocating facilities to SSS in Adamawa State were efficient
(2.83±21.28).

3. The assessment of school principals’ involvement in school facilities

administration shows high level of administrative efficiency (2.87±71.51) .

4. The assessment of school facilities maintenance in Adamawa State SSS was

found to be inefficient (2.44±47.76).

5. The assessment of school facilities availability in Adamawa State SSS was found
to be not available (42%).

6. The assessment of students’ academic performance in WAEC/SSCE May/June

2013 – 2015 was very low (11.87%) in Adamawa State SSS.
Findings of the Study (continuity)
7. A significant relationship was found between school facilities planning efficiency and SSS
students' academic performance in Adamawa State (r = 0.678, Sig. 2-tail = 0.062) at 0.05
level of significance.

8. There was a significant relationship between school facilities allocative efficiency and SSS
students' academic performance in Adamawa State (r = 0.457, Sig. 2-tail = 0.062) at 0.05
level of significance.

9. Significant relationship was found between school facilities administrative efficiency and
SSS students' academic performance in Adamawa State Senior (r = 0.706, Sig. 2-tail =
0.062) at 0.05 level of significance.

10. A significant relationship was found between school facilities maintenance efficiency and
SSS students' academic performance in Adamawa State Senior Secondary Schools (r =
0.688, Sig. 2-tail = 0.062) at 0.05 level of significance.

11. There was a significant relationship between availability of school facilities and SSS
students' academic performance in Adamawa State (r = 0.680, Sig. 2-tail = 0.062) at 0.05
level of significance.

12. A significant relationship was found among management of facilities variables (planning,
allocation, administration and maintenance) efficiencies and SSS students’ academic
performance.
 CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary

The problem of the study was to determine the relationship between management
of facilities and senior secondary school students’ academic performance in
Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Educationists in the various States have critically examined the inefficient

management of school facilities by successive governments and stakeholders in
Nigeria. Stating that, States in Nigeria have not been able to plan, allocate, supervise
and maintain school facilities even where there is evidence of funding.

The negative effects of these are poor teaching and learning, poor students’
academic performance and production of secondary school failure.

Despite efficient planning, allocation and administration of school facilities as

revealed by the study, students’ academic performance was very low due to poor
maintenance and non-availability of facilities.
5.3 Conclusion
Despite efficient planning, allocation and administration of school facilities as
revealed by the study, students’ academic performance was very low due to poor
maintenance and non-availability of facilities.

5.4 Recommendations
The following recommendations were made among others:
1. Government should adequately equip all SSS in Adamawa State with
instructional facilities.
2. Appropriate procedures of facilities allocation to SSS developed by the planning
division of the MOE should be followed strictly.
3. School principals should frequently carry out comprehensive assessment of the
facilities in their schools to determine areas of need.
4. Education managers should carry out maintenance of the school facilities
instantly as they receive reports from the schools concerned.
5.5 Suggestions for further Studies

Due to the fact that this study was on relationship between management of
facilities and Senior Secondary Schools students’ academic performance, the
following suggestions have been made:

1. Further study should be carried out to cover a wider area preferably the whole
North-Eastern Nigeria.

2. There should be a study on the relationship between quality of learning

environment and senior secondary school students’ academic performance.

3. Future researchers can embark on similar topic on resource concentration,

utilization and management as correlates of students’ academic performance
in SSCE.
4. Similar study can be carried out on primary schools and tertiary institutions
within the State.

11. Pupils seating onused car tyres 12. Over-crowded primary school classroom
Thank You