AQA GCSE Geography

Paper 3 Pre-release 2023

 Glossary
All inclusive package tour
A holiday that includes travel, accommodation, food and drink, as well as activities and childcare, all
for a one-off fee.

Cruise ship visitor 

A passenger on a cruise ship that leaves the vessel for a short period of time to visit a particular
location.

Cruise tourism 
A luxurious form of travelling, involving an all-inclusive holiday on a cruise ship of at least 48 hours,
with a set and specific itinerary, in which the cruise ship calls at several ports or cities.

Development 
The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.

Development goals
The focus on social, environmental and economic development in a coordinated way.

Economic activities
The activity of making, providing, purchasing, or selling goods or services.

Ecotourism 
Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the wellbeing of the
local people, and may involve education. It is usually carried out in small groups and has minimal
impact on the local ecosystem.

High Income Country (HIC) 

Defined by the World Bank as a country with a GNI per capita of $12,695 or more.

Income
Money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments.

Job opportunities 
An opportunity of employment.

Low-income country (LIC)

Defined by the World Bank as a country with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less in 2020.

Living standards
The level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic
class or geographic area.

Long stay visitor 

In the case of the pre-release, this refers to tourists who stay longer than those visiting on a cruise.

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 Glossary
Marine tourism 
Recreational activities that involve travel away from home and which have a focus on the marine
environment.

Multiplier effect
The 'snowballing' of economic activity. e.g. If new jobs are created, people who take them have
money to spend in the shops, which means that more shop workers are needed. The shop workers
pay their taxes and spend their new-found money, creating yet more jobs in industries as diverse as
transport and education.

Quality of life 
The standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group.

Taxes 
A mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from
individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities.

Tourism 
The movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or
business/professional purposes.

Trade balance 
The difference between the value of the goods that a country (or another geographic or economic
area such as the European Union (EU) exports and the value of the goods that it imports.

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Figure 1 Tourism and Development
Identify the three development What is the income
distribution effect of tourism?
goals tourism contributes to.

Complete the diagram below to show the characteristics of tourism

and the multiplier effect.

New hotels set up

1. Other companies are attracted to the area.

2. Workers spend their income in the local area; tax revenues
increase.
3. Local businesses supply goods and services.
4. Create jobs directly in hotels.
5. More jobs are indirectly created.
6. Taxes spent on improving infrastructure, image and tourist
services.
7. Money lost through leakage.
8. The area becomes a more popular tourist destination,
increasing profitability and revenue for re-investment.

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 Figure 1 Tourism and Development
In your own words, explain how the tourism contributes to the
multiplier effect.

Produce a pie chart to show Suggest one reason why many

the contribution of tourism HICs are less reliant on tourism
compared to all other sectors of as a source of income compared to
the world economy. many LICs/NEEs.

Key
Tourism

All other sectors of

the world economy

Study the compound line graph showing international tourist arrivals

by world region. Complete the table for 2018 below.

Rank World Region

Number of international tourist
arrivals
1

5
 Figure 1 Tourism and Development
Study the compound line graph showing international tourist arrivals
by world region. Describe the patterns of international tourist
arrivals by world region.

Suggest four reasons for the Produce a pie chart to show

rise in international tourism international tourist arrivals by
since 1950. world region.
Key

Study the data showing the top 20 destinations most reliant on tourism
for their income. Complete the table below. Show your working out.

Mean

Median

Mode

Range

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 Figure 1 Tourism and Development
Study the map below showing the location of the top 20 destinations
most reliant on tourism for their income. Describe the distribution of
the top 20 destinations most reliant on tourism for their income

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

% reliance on tourism for income

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 Figure 1 Tourism and Development
Complete the graph below to show the number of cruise passengers
(millions) between 2009 and 2019. Complete the graph for 2019
using the data in figure 1.

Number of cruise passengers (millions)

35
Number of cruise passengers (millions)

30

25

20

15

10

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Year

Describe the trend in the number of arrivals from cruise passengers

between 2009 and 2019.

Calculate the percentage increase in the number of passengers

between 2009 and 2019.

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 Figure 1 Tourism and Development
Identify the most popular destination for cruise tourism:
________________________________
Identify the two areas experiencing rapid growth in cruise tourism:
________________________________

Of the total amount of money generated by the global cruise

industry , what percentage was paid in wages in 2019?
Show your working out.

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of tourism in the

Caribbean.

Advantages Disadvantages
Social

Economic

Environmenta
l

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 Glossary
Architecture
The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.

Ashore
To or on the shore or land from the direction of the sea.

Berthing facilities
A designated location in a port or harbour used for mooring vessels when they are not at sea.

Cargo port
A maritime facility comprising one or more loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and
passengers.

Cayman Islands
A British overseas territory, formed from three coral islands in the Caribbean Sea northwest of
Jamaica.  

Coral reef
An underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. It is one of the most important
ecosystems in the world, and have been called 'the rainforests of the sea' owing to the diverse
range of plants and animals that they support.

Cruise ship terminal

A structure in a port which services passengers boarding and leaving water vessels such as ferries,
cruise ships and ocean liners.

Cruise traffic
The movement or volume of cruise ships within a particular area or along specific routes.

Culture
The traditions, way of life and beliefs of a specific group of people.

Economic opportunities
Economic opportunities refer to the various ways in which a region or area can develop and prosper
economically.

Environment
The natural and human-influenced surroundings in which living organisms, including humans,
interact and exist.

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 Glossary
Nature
All the plants, animals and things that exist in the universe that are not made by people.

Pedestrianised shopping
An area of a city or town containing shops that is reserved for pedestrian-only use.

Pier
A structure built out into the water for use as a landing place or walk or to protect or form a
harbour.

Port
A place where ships may take shelter. It is also used for loading and unloading cargo and
passengers.

Reclaimed land
New land created from the sea by filling the area with large amounts of heavy rock and/or cement,
then filling with clay and soil until the desired height is reached.

Redevelopment project
Demolition and reconstruction or substantial renovation of existing buildings or infrastructure
within an area.

Social opportunities
Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance, access to healthcare and education.

Stay-over visitors
A tourist that stays in a country or island for more than 24 hours.
Tourism
The movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or
business/professional purposes.

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 Figure 2 Cruise Terminal and Port
Describe the location of the Identify the issues associated
Cayman Islands. with the current Cayman
Islands port.

Complete the graph below to show the Cayman Islands imports.

Cayman Island Imports

600000

500000
Imports (tonnes)

400000

300000

200000

100000

0
1977 1978 1988 1998 2008 2018
Year

Calculate the percentage Calculate the percentage

increase in imports for the increase in cruise passengers
Cayman Islands between 1998 visiting the Cayman Islands
and 2018. between 1998 and 2018.

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 Figure 2 Cruise Terminal and Port
Suggest reasons for the increase in imports in the Cayman Islands.

Complete the questions below, based on the proposed port

development.
When was the development of a new
cruise terminal and port proposed?

Identify the location of the proposed

development.

How are cruise ship passengers

currently transported to shore? Why?

Why is the lack of docking facilities for

cruise liners and passengers an issue?

Identify the groups against the

proposed development.

Give reasons why the groups you

identified above are against the
developments.

Highlight the diagram at the bottom of page 4 of the pre-release to

identify the positive and negative economic and environmental
effects of the proposed port development.

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 Figure 2 Cruise Terminal and Port
Complete the table below to show the economic and environmental
effects of the proposed port development
Advantages Disadvantages
Economic
Environmental

Produce a pie chart to show the source of cruise arrivals in the

Caribbean.
Key
USA
Western Europe
China
Australia
Others

Explain the source of cruise arrivals in the Caribbean.

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 Figure 2 Cruise Terminal and Port
Complete the questions below, based on tourism arrivals in the
Caribbean.
What has happened to the number of
visitors to the Caribbean over the last
30 years?

What has happened to visitor spending

in the Caribbean over the last 30
years?

Identify an issue associated with

calculating tourism arrivals in the
Caribbean.

Identify why long-stay tourists are

preferred to cruise passengers.

Identify the human and natural features that attract tourists to the
Cayman Islands.
Human Natural

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 Figure 2 Cruise Terminal and Port
Study the climate graph for the Cayman Islands. Complete the table
below.

Hours of sunshine Average temperature

Mean

Median

Mode

Range

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 Glossary
Cargo trade
The buying and selling of goods that are transported by ship, truck, or other means of
transportation.

Conflict
Different groups of people with competing interests disagree over something.

Conservationists
Anyone who dedicates a substantial portion of their time and/or resources to conserving
biodiversity, single species, or habitats anywhere in the world.

Coral relocation
A conservation technique used to protect coral reefs from damage or destruction due to human
activities or natural disasters. It involves carefully removing fragments of coral from their original
location and transplanting them to a new site where they can continue to grow and thrive.

Coral restoration
The process of actively rehabilitating and restoring coral reefs that have been damaged or degraded
by human activities or natural disasters.

Coral transplanting
The deliberate relocation of healthy corals to areas where they can aid in the recovery of damaged
or degraded reefs. It is a specific method used within the broader approach of coral restoration.

Cultural opportunities
The various ways in which a geographic location can offer opportunities for cultural enrichment,
learning, and exchange.

Dredging
The removal of sediments and debris from the bottom of lakes, rivers, harbours, and other water
bodies.

Economic benefits
The various ways in which geographic factors can contribute to economic growth and development.

Ecosystem
A community of plants and animals that interact with each other and their physical environment.

Endangered species
A species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction.

Environmental group
An organization coming out of the conservation or environmental movements that seeks to protect,
analyse or monitor the environment against misuse or degradation from human forces.

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 Glossary
Environmental impacts
The effects of human activities on the physical environment, including natural resources,
ecosystems, and the atmosphere.

Environmentalists
Individuals or groups who are concerned about the impact of human activities on the natural
environment and advocate for the protection and preservation of the environment.
Leisure opportunities
The various options and activities available to individuals for relaxation, enjoyment, and personal
fulfilment in a particular geographic location.
Regeneration
The revival of old parts of the built‐up area by either installing modern facilities in old buildings
(known as renewal) or opting for redevelopment (ie demolishing existing buildings and starting
afresh).

Skilled workers
Individuals who possess specialised knowledge and expertise in a particular field or occupation, and
who are able to apply that knowledge to perform complex tasks and solve problems.

Social benefits
The positive impacts that geographic factors can have on the well-being of individuals,
communities, and society as a whole.
Sustainable tourism
An approach to tourism that seeks to maximize the economic, social, and environmental benefits of
tourism while minimizing its negative impacts. It involves managing tourism in a way that preserves
and protects natural resources, cultural heritage, and local communities, and that benefits both
visitors and residents.
Tourist attraction
A place that people visit for pleasure and interest, usually while they are on holiday.

Traffic congestion
When there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with, so traffic jams form and traffic
slows to a crawl.
Unskilled workers
People in jobs which require no particular education or training.

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Figure 3 Different Views
Give an overview of the proposed cruise ship and port facility in
Grand Cayman.

19
 Figure 3 Different Views
Identify the advantages of the proposed scheme.

Social (include supporting evidence)

Economic (include supporting evidence)

Environmental (include supporting evidence)

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 Figure 3 Different Views
Identify the disadvantages of the proposed scheme.

Social (include supporting evidence)

Economic (include supporting evidence)

Environmental (include supporting evidence)

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 Figure 3 Different Views
Summarise the views of the groups below. Use the resource booklet
and your own understanding of the proposed scheme.
Group For/ Argument Supporting
against evidence/facts

The Government

Environmentalists

Local residents

Local business
owners

Ecotourists

Cruise ship visitors

Local residents

Cruise companies

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 Figure 3 Different Views
Complete the conflict matrix for the proposed development below.

Local business owners

Environmentalists

Cruise ship visitor

Cruise companies
Stay-over tourists

Local residents
Government

Ecotourists
Government
Environmentalists
Local business owners
Long-stay tourists
Ecotourists
Cruise ship visitor
Local residents
Cruise companies

Key

No conflict

Some conflict (minor conflict or some within the group will be in conflict)

Significant conflict

Describe and explain one example of conflict relating to the

proposed development.

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Figure 3 Different Views
To what extent do you agree that the proposed cruise ship and port
facility in Grand Cayman should go ahead?
What key words could What facts and figures
you include? could you include?

advantages disadvantages

Cruise ship and port facility

Conclusion
Do you agree/disagree?
Why?

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