THE IMPACT OF

TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
chapter 6
 Group VI
MEMBERS:
ESCANER, JOSEPH
JUGUAN, ANGELICA
LOZADA, CHRISTINE JEWEL
THE IMPACT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
The rapid growth of tourism and hospitality in the twentieth century has produced both
problems and benefits for destination countries. It has had visible impacts on the sociocultural
and socioeconomic environment. Although tourism and hospitality can bring economic
advantages to a destination country, it also brings with it serious long-term problems which,
without careful control and planning, can threaten the society.
 THE POSITIVE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
Like any other industry, tourism and hospitality affects the economy of those areas in which
it takes place. The area affected may be a resort, a region, or the entire nation.
Notwithstanding the size of the affected area, the economic effects of tourism and
hospitality my be classified into four groups, namely: effects on income; on employment;
on the area's balance of payments with the outside world; and on investment and
development.
 INCOME
The tourism and hospitality industry obviously generates income within a destination
country. Nations wanting to increase their income have used tourism and hospitality as a
means for reasonably quick development. Experience has shown us that it takes less time to
increase income form tourism and hospitality than from manufactured goods or other
available option.

EMPLOYMENT
Employment, from local to national, benefits as well from tourism and hospitality. In
general, the tourist industry offers more employment opportunities than others economic
sectors. Generating employment is perhaps the greatest adventage of tourism and hospitality
on a a developing of economy. Tourism and hospitality generates employment faster for
developing nations than for the developed ones. In general tourism and hospitality
employees in developed nations are usually paid less. In developing countries the opposite is
true.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
Tourism and hospitality has a major influence on the country's balance of payments. Balance
of payments is an accounting of flow of good, services, and funds in and out of the country
during a given period. If a country pays or agrees to pay more money than it receive, it has a
deficit in it's balance of payments. If it receives more money than it sends or exports, it has a
surplus in it's balance of payments.

INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

Once an area has become economically successful, businessmen and government agencies
may be influenced to invest in tourism and hospitality and other industries in that area. This
is known by economists as an accelerator concept.
 NEGATIVE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF TOURISM
AMD HOSPITALITY
While most countries encourage tourism and hospitality for it's economic benefits, there are
some negative economic aspects of tourism and hospitality tht have to be identified and
discussed. There are high inflation and land speculation destination, high leakages from the
economies of developing countries, low returns on investments because of seasonal
fluctuations in demand, and over dependence on tourism and hospitality.
NFLATION AND LAND
The inflanationnary effects of tourism and hospitality can arise in deferent ways. Rich
VALUES
tourists can afford to buy items at high prices. Retailers, realizing that their profits can be
greatly increased by catering to tourists, increase their prices on certain products and provide
more expensive goods and services. Such stores can compete more successfully with those
catering to local residents. They can afford to pay higher rents and taxes which are passed on
to the costumers through higher prices. Thus, local residents have to pay more for their
foods.
HIGH LEAKAGES
Leakage occurs from a variety of sources. It occurs from the cost of goods and services that
must be imported to satisfy the needs of tourism. Examples of these are developing
countries which have to import cars, buses, manufactured materials, and technology from
developed nations to meet the demands of tourists. Another source of leakage is the
remittance of profits and to wages outside sources. If foreign capital is invested in the
country's tourism and hospitality industry, plant interest payments, rents, of profits may have
to be paid to the foreign country; thereby reducing profits in the destination country. A third
source of leakage is the expenditure for promotion and publicity to encourage tourists to
visit a certian destination. The cost of advertisment is a large expense that reduces the
earnings of a destination area.
SEASONALITY
Many tourist regions experience low returns on investment because seasonal fluctuations in
demand. The seasonality of demand is reflected in hotel occupancy rates. Many hotel experience
greatly reduced revenues during the off season. Nevertheless, most hotels prefer to remain open
all year round to secure as much revenue as possible. Accommodation investments are not the
only ones with a low rate of return; tour operators also face similar problems.

OVERDEPENDENCE ON TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY
Some destination have made themselves vulnerable to changes in tourist demand by becoming
overdependent on tourism and hospitality for there livelihood. Tourism is highly susceptible to
changes from within and outside the industry. Examples of changes from within are price and
fashions; while global economic trends, political situations, and energy availability are examples
of outside changes. Many tourists avoid destinations which are politically unstable but but they
usually select an alternative. The decrease in demand for a destination results in underutilization
of services, unemployment, and loss of income.
 IMPACT Develop tourism and hospitality gradually so that local residents can
CONTROL
ThereMEASURES
are a number of ways to
01. have sufficient time to adapt to it and understand it. It would also
allow the government to properly plan, organize, and monitor tourism
and hospitality.
maximize the benefits of tourism
and hospitality to the destination Maintain a scale of tourism and hospitality development that is appropriate for the

02.
area. Edward inskeep (1991), a local as well as national environment. If possible, develop other economic sectors
so that there is a balanced economy and employment structure. In some areas,
consultant for the United small-scale and dispersed forms of tourism are more suitable than concentrated
Nations World Tourism mass tourism development;

Organization (UNWTO), has

suggested the following:
Involved residents and their spokesmen, in planning and

03. decision-making so that they can participate in determining

the future of this sector;
 IMPACT
CONTROL
ThereMEASURES
are a number of ways to
04. Apply the
development zones;
concepts of tourism

maximize the benefits of tourism

and hospitality to the destination Make certain that residents have easy access to tourist attractions

05.
area. Edward inskeep (1991), a facilities, and services including reduced, admission fee if necessary, and
that important amenity features have public access and are not preempted
consultant for the United
by tourism;
Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO), has
suggested the following:

06.
Provide incentives to local ownership, management,
and operations of direct economic benefits;
 IMPACT Develop strong linkages between tourism and hospitality and other economic
CONTROL
07.
activities such as agriculture, fisheries, handicrafts, and manufacturing to help
develop these sectors, reduce leakage of foreign exchange through import

ThereMEASURES
are a number of ways to substitution, and spread the economic benefits of tourism and hospitality;

maximize the benefits of tourism

and hospitality to the destination
Plan, develop, and organize tourism and hospitality so that no

08.
area. Edward inskeep (1991), a
area becomes too congested with tourists, and residents can
consultant for the United
easily use community facilities and services; and
Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO), has
suggested the following: Train local people to work effectively in all levels of tourism and

09. hospitality, including managerial and technical positions, in order to

reduce the number of imported employees and to lessen possible
misunderstanding between tourists and local employees.
 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF
TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
The social impacts of tourism and hospitality should not be confused with the
popular term "social tourism". The social impacts of tourism and hospitality
refer to the changes in the quality of life of residents of tourist destination. The
objective of social tourism is to ensure that tourism is accessible to all people.
 HOST-VISITOR
INTERACTIONS
Tourism and hospitality causes more interaction between peoples particularly between the tourists or visitors and the local
residents or hosts. To understand the social impact tourists have on an area, the characteristics of various types of visitors and
the level of interaction with the hosts should be clarified. Smith (1997), categorized tourists into several types and outlined
her views on the intensity of interaction between the tourists (visitors) and the local residents (hosts). Her classifications are
as follows:
1. Explorer- This type of visitor is interested in being in active participant-observer among the
population. The explorer easily adapts to local lifestyles and does not need special tourist
accommodations;
2. Elite- This type of tourist is few in number. He can afford to pay well for usually vacations.
He is well-traveled as usually known as as "the jet-setter". He differs from the explorer in his
attitude. His arrangements are either made by a travel agent or may be pre-planned. Although
he his willing to sample the local lifestyle, he requires some degree of comfort;
3. Offbeat- This tourist adapts well to simple accommodations and services provided for the
occasional guest;
4. Usually Tourist- This tourist loves sub-exotic cultural sites, and the usually or primitive sites
as long as he can quickly and safety return to more familiar surroundings and group;
5. Incipient Mass Tourist- This is a visitor who looks for the amenities of Western societies in
hotels and other travel- related facilities. He is a mixture of both pleasure seeker and business
traveler;
6. Mass Tourist- He comes from the middle class. He arrives in a destination with other tourists.
There is a diversity of tastes among them and their attitude is " you get what you pay for"; and
7. Charter Tourist- The charter tourist comes " en masse" with others of his kind creating and
extremely high amount of business and receiving a high degree of standardization in services
and products. The interaction between the visitors and the hosts is limited and impersonal.
3. Offbeat- This tourist adapts well to simple accommodations and services provided for the
occasional guest;
4. Usually Tourist- This tourist loves sub-exotic cultural sites, and the usually or primitive sites
as long as he can quickly and safety return to more familiar surroundings and group;
5. Incipient Mass Tourist- This is a visitor who looks for the amenities of Western societies in
hotels and other travel- related facilities. He is a mixture of both pleasure seeker and business
traveler;
6. Mass Tourist- He comes from the middle class. He arrives in a destination with other tourists.
There is a diversity of tastes among them and their attitude is " you get what you pay for"; and
7. Charter Tourist- The charter tourist comes " en masse" with others of his kind creating and
extremely high amount of business and receiving a high degree of standardization in services
and products. The interaction between the visitors and the hosts is limited and impersonal.
Table 1. Frequency and Types of Tourists and Their Adaptation to Local Norms

TYPES OF TOURISTS NUMBER OF TOURIST ADAPTION TO LOCAL NORMS

EXPLORER VERY LIMITED ADAPTS FULLY

ELITE RARELY SEEN ADAPTS FULLY

OFFBEAT UNCOMMON BUT SEEN ADAPTS WELL

UNUSUAL OCCATIONAL ADAPTS SLIGHTLY

INCIPIENT MASS STEADY FLOW SEEKS WESTERN AMENITIES

MASS CONTINUOUS INFLUX EXPECTS WESTERN AMENITIES

CHARTER MASSIVE ARRIVALS DEMANDS WESTERN AMENITIES

 POSITIVE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
Some of the positive effects of tourism and hospitality are the following:
1. It creates a new medium for social change and multicultural understanding;
2. It encourages adaptation to the realities of modern life and works toward
improving the host country's environment and lifestyle options;
3. It promotes knowledge and use of foreign languages; and;
4. It improves health conditions and disease control.
 SOCIAL CHANGE AND
MULTICULTURAL
UNDERSTANDING
One of the most important benefits of tourism and hospitality is the bringing together of diverse people to
help them understand one another. Pope Pius Xll touched and this aspect of tourism and hospitality when he
spoke of "subjecting oneself, joyfully or sorrowfully, to the inconveniences, great or small, which can with
difficulty be avoided". The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) considered tourism as an
encounter between a person and a destination in its natural setting.
Above all, the UNWTO believes it is an exchange or encounter between individual groups of the people as
well as between social groups. Thus, it becomes an encounter between nations and an exchange of values.
The impact of this exchange is significantly different between industrialized notions and developing
agricultural nations. The more isolated the country visited, the more significant the social changes are likely
to be.
 ADAPTATIONS TO THE REALITIES OF MODERN LIFE AND
IMPROVEMENT OF THE HOST COUNTRY'S LIFESTYLE
THE POSSIBLE SOCIAL BENEFIT IS THE RESULT OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. THE QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVES IN PLACES WHERE TORISM AND HOSPITALITY IS BEING DEVELOPED BY
BRINGING BOTH THE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE ( WATER, HOUSING, SEVERAGE) AND POPULATION BENEFITS
( MEDICAL CARE, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SCHOOLS) TOGETHER;
2. THE CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN OCCUPATION AND INCOME PATTERNS CREATES A MIDDLE CLASS WITH ITS
DIFFERENT ATTITUDES, VALUES, AND SOCIAL CONCERNS;
3. INCREASE SOCIAL MOBILITY RESULTS IN NEW EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY;
AND
4. CHANGES IN FAMILY RELATIONS OCCUR THROUGH THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN OUTSIDE THE HOME. THIS
INCREASES THE FAMILY INCOME AND GIVES THE WORKER'S CHILDREN MORE OPPORTUNITY FOR HIGHER
EDUCATION
Thus, tourism and hospitality promotes progress and modernization through exposure to other attitudes and values. It brings about
improvements in facilities of the host country.
 USE OF FOREIGN
LANGUAGE
Use of a foreign language brings people in contact with those of other language groups. The need
and the desire to communicate increase interest in both the host and visitors to learn another
language.
Visitors to other destination often want to learn a language to improve the quality of future
experiences. They may rent tapes or buy books to assist them in learning a language. Many popular
tourist destinations have developed short-term language courses to assist visitors.

IMPROVE HEALTH CONDITIONS AND DISEASE

CONTROL
The desire of tourists for high quality public health facilities can contribute to the maintenance and
Improvement of those facilities in destination areas and provide additional sources of revenue
which, in turn, can be invested in upgrading water and sewage disposal facilities. Through tourism
and hospitality, local residents can become aware of both health problems and good hygiene. This
awareness can lead to a change in the health infrastructure of a destination. Improvement in one
community then paves the way for improvement of the whole region.
 NEGATIVE SOCIAL EFFECTS
of TOURISM and HOSPITALITY
While tourism and hospitality has enabled different people to
strengthen the social structure, mass tourism has brought with it
expenses and problem. Among these are: social saturation; changes
in the social structure, behavior, and rules, community problems;
and negative demonstrative effects.
SOCIAL SATURATION
The presence of large numbers of tourists in particular places at specific times results in saturation
or congestion of facilities and services and competition for limited resources. In destinations that
attract a large number of tourists, public transportation is so crowded with tourists that there is
hardly any room for local residents. Shops are full of travels, forcing the locals to change their
shopping patterns. Streets are full of visitors resulting to traffic jams. Thus, saturation or congestion
brought about by tourism and hospitality is often cited as a social cost.

CHANGES IN THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE, BEHAVIOR,

AND ROLES
Tourism and hospitality changes the traditional forms of employment which results in the lowering
of the status of agricultural workers, migration of the population, and the breaking up of families.
They also disregard social norms such as respect for elders and close family ties. Young women
who enter the workplace have changed their traditional dress to tourist clothes.
 COMMUNITY PROBLEMS
Prostitution, often called the "oldest profession," certainly existed before the growth of mass tourism. It is difficult to say
how responsible tourism and hospitality has been for the rise of prostitution in tourist destination.
The following are some of the reason for the increase of prostitution in tourist resorts:
1. The processes of tourism and hospitality have created location and environments which attach prostitutes and their
clients;
2. By it's very nature, tourism and hospitality means that people are away from the puritanical bonds of normal living,
anonymity is assured away from home, and money is available to spend hedonistically. These circumstances are conducive
to the survival and expansion of prostitution.
An increase in visitors increases criminal activity. Wealthy tourists present temping targets. Lin and Loeb (1977) identified the

following three factors in the relationship between crime and tourism and hospitality.

1. Population density during the tourist season increases, creating the availability of a large number of targets and congestion;
2. The differences in income between hosts and tourists encourage robbery; and
3. Expanding human resource development and training programs in all components of the tourism and hospitality system to
include social skills ( interpersonal relationship, and networking referral tactics).
3. As tourism and hospitality efforts employment for women, if may upgrade their economic status. This, in turn, my lead to
their liberalization and eventually to their involvement in prostitution to maintain or acquire new economic levels; and
4. Tourism and hospitality may be used as a scapegoat for the general loosening of morals.

The use of erotic pictures and suggestion slogans in an advertisement lead some tourists to anticipate sun, sea, sand, and sex as
part of their vocation experience.
 IMPACT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY ON
Tourism and hospitality increases the acculturation process as well as the cultural convergence of people.
CULTURE
Acculturation as defined as those changes that occur in a culture through borrowing from other cultures. These
changes may include technology, language, and values. Cultural convergence is the tendency of world cultures
to become more alike. A very good example of this is the adoption of many European ways by people of less-
developed countries because of their exposure to European culture and technology.

The urban areas of the world are becoming more and more alike. Modernization and change from an
agriculture society to an industrialized one bring about changes in people's attitudes, beliefs, and way of life.
Part of this change occurs through contact with tourists. Tourism and hospitality is a vital force in
acculturation since it causes more interaction between peoples. People who change the least are the isolated
ones-those who live in regions of extreme environmental conditions such as deserts, jungles, in polar regions.
 POSITIVE EFFECT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY ON
CULTURE

The two most important positive effects of tourism and hospitality on culture
are promotion of intercultural communication and the renaissance of native
culture.
 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Mobility, which is a prerequisite of tourism and hospitality, is necessary for different
social groups, nationalities, and cultures to meet and interact. Such interaction my
contribute to the removal of social or national prejudices and the promotion of better
understanding and positive social change. Cross-cultural communications between tourists
and their hosts may promote changes in local culture while preserving or revitalizing local
ethnic and cultural identity. The quality of cross-cultural communication is of prime
importance if it contributes to the promotion of understanding between tourists and their
hosts.
 RENAISSANCE OF CREATIVE CULTURE
Tourism and hospitality may be important to the hosts country to remind its people of its history and
culture. In Eastern and Western Europe, many traditional flock customs and costumes are preserved for
the benefits of tourists. Folk culture festivals are organized to attract visitors. Model cultural centers of
both developed and developing countries have been highly profitable and have helped maintain interest
in their cultures. Traditional art forms have been revived in several countries. Tourism and hospitality
has stimulated the preservation of traditional art including traditional songs and dances.
The establishment of the model culture villages ( living museums) has contributed largely to the to the
renaissance of native traditions and crafts. Model culture villages create historical and ethnic
environments designed to perpetuate tradition and stimulate awareness of the local area.
 NEGATIVE CULTURAL IMPACT OF TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
While tourism and hospitality has enabled to different people to restore and maintain interest
in their own cultures, it has also led to the destruction of a country's work of art. The local
residents resent tourists who think they have the right to the country's art whether bought or
stolen. Several tourists persuade the natives to sell traditional objects which have been for
generations. The greed for money which induces people to part with family heirlooms
explains the destruction of the archeological sites or the desecration of monuments in Egypt,
Bali, India, or Central America.
 01.
Mass production to increase in demand result to losing
NEGATIVE the careful and precise product workmanship;
CULTURAL IMPACT
OF TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY

02.
The impersonal nature of the tourist market has decreased
the spiritual relevance of the artist work;
Moreover, the increasing the
demand for artifacts has led to
changes in its form and function
of art objects. The artifacts may Art is produces according to the taste of tourists which, in
no longer be represented as
traditional arts due to the 03. Africa, means carving animals, grotesqueness, and
gigantism; and
following reasons:

04.
The increase demand has led to the misrepresentation of
the age or authenticity of objects resulting in a large
number of imitations.
 01.
Develop program which enhance tourism and
IMPACT CONTROL hospitality's contribution to intercultural communication
MEASURES and interaction such as matching tourist types with
destination characteristics and designing programs for
the interaction of local residents and guest promoting
goodwill " ambassador" tourist education; and

The following control measures

may be adapted to reduce the
negative impact of tourism and

02.
hospitality on culture: Incorporate local indigenous features within Western-style
structure such as decorating hotel interiors with local
paintings, murals, and sculpture, and encouraging porters,
maids, and waiters to dress in native costumes.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
This history of tourism and hospitality closely shows that the environment has contributed to the birth and progress of
tourism and hospitality. The term "environment" connotes both human and physical characteristics. Speakers and
writers often refer to it as human environment, physical environment, or a combination of both. A term that describes
the human and physical characteristics of an area is pre-existing forms.
It is expected that some change in pre-existing forms will be necessary to accommodate mass tourism. However,
tourism and hospitality can either be carefully controlled by the government to maximize economic and employment
opportunities while reducing its social, cultural, and physical impact; or it can be changed as to enhance the physical
environment and make it more attractive to both the guests and the local residents.
An analysis of the positive and negative aspects of tourism and hospitality indicates a need to encourage wise
resources management, particularly of water and energy, and the problem of noise and pollution, as well as the
problem of garbage and fire hazards which may arise from tourist activities. The environmental benefits and negative
impact of tourism and hospitality need to be recognized.
 Contact with scenic areas has raised man's

01. awareness of the earth beauty and made it

easierfor him to see and enjoy it with minimum
POSITIVE damage; and
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT OF
TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY

Tourism and hospitality has

Environmental awareness had been heightened
created environmental
awareness of two ways 02. by mass tourism which causes direct and indirect
destruction.
In developed countries, several nations parks and munoments have been created to preserve the natural,
cultural, and recreational resources of the land for the enjoyment, appreciation, and education of present
and future generations, The development of parks was intended to open up areas for viewing as well as to
control the flow of traffic within the park.
Tourism and hospitality has provided reasons for the preservation of historical buildings and the creation
of museums. At present, many developing nations are realizing that their monuments mean tourists and
income. Thus, desire to preserve their national monuments have increased. In developed countries,
unspoiled natural attractions are becoming more and more rate. Hence, people travel to developing
nations where nature is still unspoiled or where the remains of ancient civilizations are located.
Developing nations realize that their historical sites or traditional towns and neighborhoods untouched by
progress are economic assets. Lighthouses, harbors, and fishing peirs are ideal tourist attractions.
 CONSERVATION
Conservation and preservation of the environment not only benefit the local area but they also
determine the future of tourism and hospitality. First, the local residents benefits from the
preservation. Second, tourism and hospitality, for as long as it draws tourists, will continue to a
socioeconomic and cultural assets. The aim of the National Park Service, with the inclution of
conservation, is much broader than it was in the past. The national parks in East Africa, Kenya
Tanzania were founded to protect wildlife.
In some places, bird sanctuary is one of the major attractions for tourists who want
to seek a change from their sun, sea, and sand experiences. Natural trails and bird-
watching areas have been established to help the visitors enjoy the area and to
maintain the quality of the environment.
Gunn ( cited by Valene, 1995 ) gave the following factors which led to the conservation
movement:
1. There was social concern to which the park movement owes its beginnings. The growth
of industry and commerce and their association ills stimulated.
2. There was an emphasis on the efficiency of resources being used, particularly on
nonrenewable reasorces. Early expectations streesed maximum utilization but with a
minimum of environmental defration;
3. Conservation also incorporated aesthetic enhancement. This is particularly significant as
one major tourist activity is sightseeing which depends heavily on the qualities of the
natural environment; and
4. Protecting the natural environment from irresponsible human manipulation.
Mathieson and wall (cited by Lindberg, 1995) identify the for ways in which tourism and
hospitality has been important to conservation. These are:
1. Stimulating the rehabilitation of existing historic sites, buildings, and monuments;
2. Stimulating the transformation of old buildings and locations into new tourist facilities;
3. Creating the impetus for the conservation of natural resources; and
4. Bringing about the introduction of administrative and planning controls necessary to
maintain the quality of the environment to ensure a satisfying and rewarding experience for
the tourists.
It can be conclude that tourism and hospitality provides incentives and the economic means
and incentives for the conservation and preservation of natural and historic sites. Many
monuments, historic houses, villages, and old churches cannot can maintained without the
tourist income.
 DEVELOPMENT OF ATTRACTION
A. Historic Preservation
Many historical sites in both urban and rural areas have been preserved to attract tourists. Examples are
Intramuros or Walled City in the Philippines, Jamestown, and Colonial Williamsburg inVirginia, USA., Mont. St.
Michael in France, and the Plymouth Plantation in Massachusetts, USA. This restoration and rejuvenation
process is occurring throughout the world and serves as major characteristics of an area intended to impress
tourists.
B. Resident Benefits
The benefits is that the result of conversation and preservation can be enjoyed by the local community as well as
by the tourist. the creation of national parks and monuments provides quick access t a variety of nature’s wonder
and outdoor activities to both local residents and visitors.
Another benefit which result from tourism and hospitality development can be seen in coastal areas. The
development of a coastal resort allows free access to tourist and local resident.
 NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURST AND HOSPITALITY
GEOLOGICAL CONFLICT
Some of the problems affecting the quality of the environment are destruction of the vegetation pollution (air,
water, and noIse),and the destruction of wildlife. In many parks, campers have cut branches of tree and
completely cut down small trees. In area such as ocean fronts and island, many visitors going to and from the
area destroy the vegetation cover, thus changing the natural habits of birds and animal and in some cases, even
changing the temperature of the area. Sometimes, the loss of vegetation leads to soil erosion and the further
debasement of the environment.

Air pollution result from the gas fumes emitted by automobiles, taxes, buses, aircraft, and factories. Area with
large numbers of vehicles usually suffer from air pollution.

Water pollution is the result of the discharge of untreated waste from resort or boats into the seas, rivers, lakes,
and springs. The lack of an effective sewerage system some areas has led to widespread pollution in the inshore
waters making fish consumption inadvisable and swimming unhealthy. Moreover, such disease as cholera,
typhoid, viral hepatitis, and dysentery are caused by seafood from polluted waters.

Noise pollution is associated with traffic congestion on land and on air. Many recreational vechicles such as
motorcycles, motorboats, and aircrafts cause a lot of noise.
 NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURST AND HOSPITALITY
ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT
Tourism and hospitality affects geological formations. Some tourism collect minerals, rocks, fossil, and corals
from tourist attractions; others destroy natural formations from vandalizing.

RESIDENT CONFLICT
A number of conflicts frequently occur between residents and tourists or toursim developers. In cities hotels are
built at the expense of residential accomodations. The increasing value of land often forces resident to move
away from the sea. Hotel development also brings traffic congestion and air pollution. In fishing and hunting
areas, the increasing demand creates problems for local fishermen and hunters who now complete with the
tourist as well as with each other.
 IMPACT CONTROL MEASURE
Two measures which will reduce the negative impact of tourism and hospitality have
been identified, thus, creating a quality environment for both residents and tourist.
First, the general protective measures and second, regulation and control of tourist
development.
 Thank
you very
much!