TOURISM PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION
LEIPER'S THEORY
Leiper’s Tourism System is a basic conceptualization of the
structure of the tourism industry. It is one of the most widely
accepted and most well-known models used in tourism
research when attempting to understand the tourism system.
 PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES
some product industries include:
1. Accommodation services for visitors
2. Food and beverage serving services
3. Railway passenger transport services
4. Road passenger transport services
 LEIPER 1979 (UPDATED 1990).

Leiper consider the phenomenon tourism as a system, which is functioning under various
environments.
Eg. Human, Socio, Cultural, Economical, Technological, Physical Political & Legal
Environment
 LEIPER’S MODEL
• TGR- Traveler-Generating Region. “push”
• TRR- Transit Route Region.
• TDR- Tourist Destination Region. “pull”
 PUSH & PULL FACTORS
• Push Factor : factors which encourage individuals to move away from their home setting
through Tourism.

• Pull Factor: those attributes of a different place which attract or 'pull' them towards it.
 GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
Leiper outlines three geographical elements in his model:

• 1) Traveler- generating region.

• 2) Tourist destination region.
• 3) Transit route region.

The tourist destination functions as a ‘pull’ factor in the market and provide an area for most of
the tourism activity. It attracts different kinds of tourists with such tourism products as
attractions and the quality of management and service
 TOURIST GENERATING REGION
(TGRS)
• TGRs are places where a tourist's trip begins and normally ends, the generating
regions are the place for the essential markets of the tourist business and it is the
basis of tourist industry.
 TRANSIT ROUTE REGION (TRR’S)
• The area between the Traveler Generating Region and the Tourist Destination Region is
known as the Transit Route .While a long haul journey a Temporary stoppage is called a
transit route, here traveler stays for some time in manner to change flight or for re fueling.
•It includes the short period of travel to reach the destination.
•Includes the stop over’s.
•The intermediate places which the tourist may visit en-route.
 TOURIST DESTINATION REGION
(TDR’S)
• TDRs are places where a tourist's main visiting activities occurs. Its
important for TDR to have some special features, activities to attract
tourist.
INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM LINKAGE
 INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM
LINKAGES
• Tourism is described as an industry with 8 sectors which are; accommodation,
adventure tourism and recreation, attractions, events and conferences, food and
beverage, tourism services, transportation, and travel trade.
CORE SECTORS CLOSELY LINKED TO TOURISM

• Agriculture - Linkage of tourism with agriculture is critical for

maximizing the contribution of local economic and tourism
development. However, these two sectors are not well linked for
sustainable local development in many destinations of developing
countries. The objective of the study was assessing the practice,
challenges and opportunities of tourism–agriculture nexuses in Bale
Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia.
 CRAFT

THE LOCAL CULTURE IN ITS MYRIAD FORMS AND EXPRESSIONS IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF A DESTINATION’S UNIQUENESS AND
APPEAL; OFTEN DIFFERENTIATING ONE DESTINATION FROM ANOTHER, AND THUS CONTRIBUTING TO DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS.
THIS DIFFERENTIATION IS INCREASINGLY MORE IMPORTANT FOR DESTINATIONS SEEKING TO MAINTAIN AND GROW THEIR MARKET
SHARE, GIVEN THE INCREASE IN COMPETITION GLOBALLY, AS WELL AS THE CHANGING CONSUMER PARTNERS IMPACTING TOURISM
SUPPLY AND DEMAND. AMONG THE MOST DIRECT AND TANGIBLE EXPRESSIONS OF CULTURE ARE THE LOCAL PATRIMONIES SUCH AS ARTS
AND CRAFTS, MUSIC, DANCE AND CUISINE WHICH ARE OFTEN SPECIFIC TO A PARTICULAR COUNTRY, COMMUNITY OR SOCIAL GROUPING.
 FISHING
Fishing tourism, also called as pesca tourism, was initially adopted in Italy. Fishing
tourism involves fishing, sharing the culture with local fishermen, as well as learning
the traditions and lifestyle.
 MANUFACTURING

• The Division works collaboratively with business and stakeholders to grow and diversify the
manufacturing industry within the province. The forging of partnerships and programming is
designed to assist local manufacturers in identifying and developing creative and innovative
solutions aimed to sustain and enhance the Provincial Manufacturing Sector. The goals and
objectives of the division focus in utilizing innovative thinking, embracing technology, and
developing supportive programming directed at building and sustaining a healthy,
diversified and growing industry. Staffs within the manufacturing sector are proactive in
promoting and supporting capacity building, productivity improvement, Lean
Manufacturing principles and philosophy and additional programming based on industry
needs.
 ENTERTAINMENT
• Entertainment is a form of activities that take away people's stress basically come
from work or school and give them properly amusement to relax. In tourism
industry, entertainment is a very important sector. Tourists would love to visit some
specific places such as movie theaters, water park, Carnival and so on.
 OVERVIEW OF TOURISM IMPACTS

LONG TERM AND SHORT TERM IMPACTS

POSITIVE

• Tourism provides employment for many local people, ranging from working in the
hotels to selling trinkets on the beach. Without the tourist industry some less
developed countries would have a much greater unemployment problem.

• The money that tourism brings in can be used to improve the infrastructure of the area. New
roads, airports and facilities can be built, which cater for the increasing number of tourists,
but also benefit the local residents.

• The country can benefit from overseas investment, primarily in the tourist industry, but also
in other related industries.
 NEGATIVE

• In many resorts in LEDC's very little of the money paid for the holiday actually reaches the
country. The holiday company, travel agents, airlines and hotel companies swallow most of
it.

• Negative Local cultures could be devalued by tourism. They may almost become a freak
show, where the visitors begin to look down on the locals as different.
TOURISM MULTIPLIER
EFFECT
• Tourism not only creates jobs in the tertiary sector, it also encourages growth in the
primary and secondary sectors of industry. This is known as the multiplier effect
which in its simplest form is how many times money spent by a tourist circulates
through a country's economy.

• Money spent in a hotel helps to create jobs directly in the hotel, but it also creates
jobs indirectly elsewhere in the economy. The hotel, for example, has to buy food
from local farmers, who may spend some of this money on fertiliser or clothes. The
demand for local products increases as tourists often buy souvenirs, which increases
secondary employment.

• The multiplier effect continues until the money eventually 'leaks' from the economy
through imports - the purchase of goods from other countries.