\Macro Perspective in Tourism

and Hospitality

It shows the structure and scope of tourism as well as the impact of Tourism
as an industry in relation to the world economy and society. It also illustrates
that effects of the convergence of tourism with the other local industries and let the
students appreciate the multiplier effect in various fonts. 

Hospitality is a, “generous and friendly treatment of visitors and guests in a

hospitable trearment.

 Hospitality Industry

The supplier of tourism services. It also refers to the relationship between a

guest and a host, wherein the host receives the guest with goodwill, including the
reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers.

Hospitality is derived from the Latin word “Hospitaire” meaning “to receive
as a guest”. It refers to the act of providing food, beverages, and comfortable
accommodation to travelers.

The Hospitality sector includes food and beverage, accommodation, health

and wellness outside a person’s residence. The hospitality industry is a segment
pertaining to guests and entertainment, such as hotels, restaurants, attractions, etc.
It has various impacts on the macro side of the economy, culture, and society.

The tourism industry deals with activities that involve travel, leisure, and
sightseeing that attract tourists from various parts of the world. “Tourism
comprises the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside
their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business, and other purposes” (UNWTO)

 
 Similar to the hospitality sector, the impact on the macro perspective of the
tourism industry includes its contribution to balance payment, revenue generation,
and employment opportunities which in turn contribute to GDP. Gross domestic
product

  

Definition of key terms in Tourism and Hospitality

 A tourist is a visitor who overnight stays or as the same day visit on his trip.

Tourists are temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours in a country visited,

whose purpose of the journey is not for employment but can be classified under
one of the following:

a. Leisure such as Recreation, Holiday, Health, Study, Religion or Sport

b. Business

c. Family

d. Mission

e. Meeting

Types of Tourist
•Domestic tourism refers to the activities of a visitor within their country of
residence and outside of their home.
•Inbound tourism refers to the activities of a visitor from outside of the country of
residence
•Outbound tourism refers to the activities of a resident visitor outside of their
country of residence.

Travel refers to the activity of travelers.

Tourist Destination

Is a geographical unit that the tourist visits and where they stay.
Tourist Products

Consists of what the tourist buys.

It is a combination of the activities, attractions, and services at the destination

where the tourist stays.

Tourist Activities

Activities represent the actions and behaviors of people in preparation for and
during a trip in their capacity as consumers

Excursionists: Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination

visited and not making an overnight stay.

Visitors: any person visiting a country other than that in which the person usually
resides, for any reason other than following an occupation remunerated from
within the country visited.

Amenities

These are the facilities that complement the attraction, destination, or

accommodation. An example of these amenities is toiletries. It is complimentary
for availing of the accommodation. Another is pools, theatre, and sky lounge.

Tourism Industry

6 Major Components of Tourism

1. Tourist Boards

2. Transportation

3. Accommodations

4. Conference and Events

5. Attractions

6. Tourism Services
 

1.A tourist board is a tourist organisation that is founded with a view to

promoting and creating the identity, and to enhance the reputation of tourism in a
particular location. They are official organisations that encourages tourists to visit
a particular city, country, or region.

A tourist board is a not for profit organisation that is usually government owned.
This means that the focus is on providing a service to the general public, as
opposed to making a direct profit. However, indirectly, tourist boards do help to
make money for the country because their aim is to promote the tourism industry,
which in turn brings in revenue. Tourist boards are publicly funded, meaning that
the money needed to operate comes from money that is raised through taxation.
Tourist boards operate within the public sector.

 What does a tourist board do?

A tourist board is generally a point of information for consumers or tourists. The

primary aim is to promote tourism in a particular area. They may do this through a
range of marketing initiatives including targeted campaigns and advertisements.
Tourist boards may run adverts on TV and place advertisements on bus shelters or
on the tube, for example. Tourist boards have also been known to partner with
influencers such as bloggers and Instagram influencers who will promote the
destination to their followers. Sometimes these can be sizeable campaigns.

2.Transportation

Transportation is the main means to carry passengers, that is, the tourists, to the
actual site where tourism services are performed.

Transportation is the most crucial component of the tourism infrastructure. It is

required not only for reaching the destination but also visiting the site and moving
about at the destination. Variety in modes of transportation adds color to the
overall tourism experience.

The importance of transportation to tourism development.

■Transportation needs for tourism promotion and tourism development, among

others, are the maintenance of the existing roads, construction of more roads/rail
track/sea and air transportation, construction of local airports, and enhancement of
local flight operations. And established that security and safety in transportation
systems are not bad though tourists consider transportation costs high. Tourism
development could be even bigger if more could be done in various elements of
transportation systems. All its stakeholders need to take part to develop tourism in
their regions.

The effective factors in choosing the transportation mode in tourism are given
below (Westlake and Robbins 2005, 463):

• Time limit

• Distance

• Status

• Comfort

• Security

• Benefit

• Price

• Geographical position

• Competition

3.Accommodation
Accommodation is a group of rooms, or building which someone may live or stay
and is important to any tourists who want to travel to another destination
primarily involve where guests will be staying as well as the amenities that they
are provided with. 
So usually when we book accommodation we also have the amenities included.
Example. We stay at the hotel so we have the access to their pool because its
included to our amenities.
The travel and tourism industries also both contain the accommodation sector, with
people
requiring overnight accommodation for varying lengths of time. The
accommodation
industry offers a variety of different options for customers, catering to different
tastes,
budgets and requirements. In addition to providing shelter and a place to sleep,
many
companies in the accommodation sector also provide a range of other services.
So we have here the different types of accommodation
 Hotel
 Motel
 Shared Accommodations
 Camping
 Bed and Breakfast
 Hostels
 Cruises
 Farm House or Agri Tourism Accommodation
 Time Shared Accommodation

4.Events and conferences The conference and event sector is a part of the
hospitality industry that focuses on events designed to gather large crowds of
people.

Special Events Conferences, Meetings, Trade Shows and Conventions

this is a sector that includes meetings, expos, gatherings, and special events. It
includes corporate and private functions that are held in a variety of venues, from
hotels and conference centers to events facilities and party functions.
 5.Attractions

It is the most important element and influences a person to pull towards a

destination or inspires him to make a visit or travel. Every country has different
types of attraction which attracts tourists. The lack of attraction cannot pull
visitors. It helps people to decide which destination to visit. People can be attracted
by various attractions like sunrise, waterfalls, trekking, historical sites, religious
sites, sports, etc.

The attraction generates a flow of tourism to a particular destination. It is a

magnetic power on the pull factor of tourism.

Attractions can be divided into three parts:

1. Natural Attractions. It is referring to attraction created by nature. Any site

which has been formed by the natural process is known as a site or natural
attraction.

2. Built Attraction. The built attraction is those which have been built by humans.
It is created by man. Ex. Zoo, Museum

3. Event Attraction. A country can organize special programs or create events that
can attract tourists in big numbers. Ex. Concert

6.Tourism and travel-related services include

services provided by hotels and restaurants (including catering), travel agencies
and tour operator services, tourist guide services and other related services. 
 

 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/importance-transportation-tourism-development-
fda-ba-itc-mba-emba/

 https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_12-1