LECTURE 4: CLOUD COMPUTING

CONCEPTS
 INTRODUCTION
 Cloud Computing is defined as the technology that manages, store, access and processes
data online via the Internet.
- In cloud computing the data are not stored on your personal computer. Hence, it permits
on-demand network access to shared computing resources.

 The main purpose of cloud computing is to give many users access to the data centers.

 It is the on-demand availability of computer services like servers, data storage,

networking, databases, etc.

 It allows user to create, configure, and customize applications online.

CLOUD COMPUTING
 WHY THE NAME CLOUD?
 The term Cloud refers to a Network or
Internet.
 In other words, we can say that Cloud is
something, which is present at remote location.
 Cloud can provide services over network, i.e.,
on public networks or on private networks, i.e.,
WAN, LAN or VPN.
• The term “Cloud” came from a network design
that was used by network engineers to represent
the location of various network devices and their
inter-connection. 
• The shape of this network design was like a
cloud.
 WHY CLOUD COMPUTING?
 With the massive increase in computer and mobile user’s, data storage has become a
priority in all fields.

 The success of large and small scale businesses depend mainly on their data (in planning,
decision making, budgeting etc..), and so they spent a huge amount of money to maintain
the data.
- It requires a strong IT support system and a storage hub to achieve it.
- Not all businesses can afford high cost of in-house IT infrastructure and back up support
services.
- The best solution for them is to use Cloud Computing.

 Certainly, its efficiency in storing data, computation and less maintenance cost has
succeeded to attract even bigger businesses as well.
 WHY CLOUD COMPUTING?
 Cloud computing decreases the hardware and software demand from the user’s side.
- The only thing that user must be able to run is the cloud computing systems interface
software, which can be as simple as web browser application and the Cloud network takes
care of the rest.

 We all have experienced cloud computing at some moment of time, some of the popular
cloud services we have used and we are still using.
- Some of the cloud computing services are mail services like Gmail, Hotmail or Yahoo etc.
- Whenever accessing e-mail service your data is stored on cloud server and not on our
computer.
 WHY CLOUD COMPUTING?
 Cloud computing complement small business effectively having limited resources, it gives
small businesses access to the technologies that previously were out of their reach.

 In an in-house IT server, you have to pay a lot of attention and ensure that there are no
faults into the system so that it runs smoothly.
- In case of any technical glitch you are completely responsible, it will seek a lot of
attention, time and money for repair.
- Whereas, in cloud computing, the service provider takes the complete responsibility of the
complication and the technical faults.
 BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• The potential for cost saving is the major reason of cloud services adoption by many organizations. 
 Lower IT infrastructure and computer costs for users- hence very low investment cost
 Improved performance
 Fewer Maintenance issues- many issues taken care by Cloud computing providers
 Instant software updates- updates are downloaded automatically
 Improved compatibility between Operating systems
 Backup and recovery- automatically backup and restore service
 They are scalable, as we can pay for the amount of storage required. Hence flexible to
either scale up or down.
 Increased storage capacity- more storage space offered with very low cost
 Increase data security- however this is a bit compromised
BASIC CONCEPTS
 There are certain services and models working behind the scene making the cloud
computing feasible and accessible to end users.

 The following are the working models for cloud computing:

o Deployment Models
o Service Models
 DEPLOYMENT MODELS
 A cloud deployment model represents a specific type of cloud environment, primarily
distinguished by ownership, size, and access.

 Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, according to where the
infrastructure for the deployment resides and who has control over that infrastructure.
Simply, depends on how the cloud is located.

 There are four common cloud deployment models: Public clouds, Private clouds, Hybrid
clouds, and Community clouds.

 Deciding which deployment model you will go with is one of the most important cloud
deployment decisions you will make.
 DEPLOYMENT MODELS
 Each cloud deployment model satisfies different organizational needs, so it’s important
that you choose a model that will satisfy the needs of your organization.

 Perhaps even more important is the fact that each cloud deployment model has a different
value proposition and different costs associated with it.
- Therefore, in many cases, your choice of a cloud deployment model may simply come
down to money.
- In any case, to be able to make an informed decision, you need to be aware of the
characteristics of each environment.
i. PUBLIC CLOUD
 The Public Cloud supports all users who want to make use of a computing resource, such as hardware (OS,
CPU, memory, storage) or software (application server, database) on a subscription basis.
 It allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general public.

 Public cloud may be less secure because of its openness, e.g., file sharing through e-mail services.

 Examples of public services are Facebook, Google, and LinkedIn.

ii. PRIVATE CLOUD

 The Private Cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It offers increased
security because of its private nature. A Private Cloud is therefore most suited for sensitive data, where the
customer is dependent on a certain degree of security.
 Private clouds are more expensive than public clouds due to the capital expenditure involved in acquiring and

maintaining them.
iii. HYBRID CLOUD
 In a hybrid cloud, an organization makes use of interconnected private and public cloud infrastructure. However,
the critical activities are performed using private cloud while the non-critical activities are performed using
public cloud.
  Many organizations make use of this model when they need to scale up their IT infrastructure rapidly, such as
when leveraging public clouds to supplement the capacity available within a private cloud.
 For example, if an online retailer needs more computing resources to run its Web applications during the holiday

season it may attain those resources via public clouds.

iv. COMMUNITY CLOUD

 This deployment model supports multiple organizations sharing computing resources that are part of a
community.
 The community cloud operates in a way that is similar to either private or public one. There’s just one difference

– it allows access to only a specific set of users who share common objectives to address the specific needs of a
community, industry, or business. Access to a community cloud environment is typically restricted to the
members of the community
 Examples include universities cooperating in certain areas of research, or police departments within a county or

state sharing computing resources.

CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICE MODELS (SELF READ)

 The three major Cloud Computing services offered

are:
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

 Different business use some or all of these

components according to their requirement.
CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE (SELF READ)

• The Cloud Computing architecture can be broadly divided into two parts.
• Front end
• Back end
CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES (SELF READ)
 There are certain technologies that are working behind the cloud computing
platforms
 The technologies that making cloud computing flexible, reliable and usable.

 These technologies including.

Virtualization
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Grid Computing
Utility Computing
CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE
 Cloud computing infrastructure consists of servers, storage, network,
management software, deployment software and platform virtualization.
 The cloud computing infrastructure components are shown in the figure below.
CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE

 HYPERVISOR
 Hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program that acts as a Virtual Machine Manager.
It allows to share the single physical instance of cloud resources between several
tenants/customers.
 MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
 Management Software helps to maintain and configure the infrastructure.
 DEPLOYMENT SOFTWARE
 Deployment software helps to deploy and integrate the application on the cloud.
CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE
 NETWORK
 Network is the key component of cloud infrastructure. It allows to connect cloud services
over the Internet. It is also possible to deliver network as a utility over the Internet, i.e.,
the consumer can customize the network route and protocol.
 SERVER
 Server helps to compute the resource sharing and offer other services such as resource
allocation and deallocation, monitoring resources, security, etc.
 STORAGE
 Cloud uses distributed file system for storage purpose. If one of the storage resource fails,
then it can be extracted from another one which makes cloud computing more reliable.
SECURITY CONCERNS FOR CLOUD COMPUTING

• While using cloud computing, the major issue that concerns the users is about its security.
• One concern is that cloud providers themselves may have access to customer’s
unencrypted data- whether it’s on disk, in memory or transmitted over the network.
• Some countries government may decide to search through data without necessarily
notifying the data owner, depending on where the data resides.
• The networks and data cloud computing service providers have joined hands with TCG
( Trusted Computing Group) to provide security for systems.
• TCG is non-profit organization which regularly releases a set of specifications to secure
hardware, create self-encrypting drives and improve network security.
ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• Cost saving- It helps you to save substantial capital cost as it does not need any physical
hardware investments.
• Strategic edge-  It helps you to access the latest applications any time without spending your time
and money on installations.
• High Speed- Cloud computing allows you to access the service quickly in fewer clicks.
• Automatic Software Integration- In the cloud, software integration is something that occurs
automatically.
• Mobility- the could services are accessed anywhere regardless of geographical location.
• Reliability- since data are stored redundantly the reliability is highly guaranteed.
• Back-up and restore data- Once the data is stored in a Cloud, it is easier to get the back-up and
recovered.
• Collaboration-The cloud computing platform helps employees who are located in different
geographies to collaborate in a highly convenient and secure manner.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

• Performance may vary- due to the shared resources by many users the
performance may vary sometimes.
• Technical Issues- Cloud technology is always prone to an outage and other
technical issues.
• Security Threat in the Cloud- Another drawback while working with cloud
computing services is security risk.
• Downtime- Downtime should also be considered and expected while working
with cloud computing.
• Internet Connectivity- Good Internet connectivity is a must in cloud computing,
sometimes difficult to ensure this in real working environment.
• Lower Bandwidth- Many cloud storage service providers limit bandwidth usage
of their users.
• Lacks of Support- Cloud Computing companies sometimes fail to provide
proper and on time support to the customers.