THERMODYNAMICS

BY:-SAKSHI.G.DHARMIK
ROLL NO-535
 INTRODUCTION
As we all know transformation of liquid water into vapours,
solid ice into liquid water or burning of carbon Dioxide, Co2
are accompanied by a change in energy. In dry cell, the
chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. On the
other hand electroplating of Metals electrical energy is
converted into chemical energy. Thus it may be realized that
the energy can be Transformed from one form into other.
Thermodynamics is concerned with the energy change in
physical and chemical reaction. Thermodynamics,
gives no information on the rates of physical and chemical
processes or underlying mechanism involved
In these.
Thermodynamics is the study of the energy, principally heat
energy, that accompanies chemical or physical changes. Some
chemical reactions release heat energy; they are called
exothermic reactions, and they have a negative enthalpy
change. Others absorb heat energy and are called
endothermic reactions, and they have a positive enthalpy
change. But thermodynamics is concerned with more than
just heat energy. The change in level of organization or
disorganization of reactants and products as changes take
place is described by the entropy change of the process. For
example, the conversion of one gram of liquid water to
gaseous water is in the direction of increasing disorder, the
molecules being much more disorganized as a gas than as a
liquid. The increase in disorder is described as an increase in
entropy, and the change in entropy is positive.
 TERMS USED IN THERMODYNAMICS

 SYSTEM AND SURROUNDING:- Consider a gas

enclosed in a cylinder equipped with a
movable piston as shown in fig. Suppose we
undertake study of change in volume of a gas
and the amount of energy released or gained
by a gas when the pressure in varied by the
putting certain mass on the piston. In this case
a gas under study is called the system.
A part of the universe under thermodynamic
investigation is called the system . All other
parts of the universe outside the system such
as cylinder, room and other , are surroundings .
The universe is made of system pulse
surroundings.
 TYPES OF SYSTEM
 there are three types of system:-
1. Open system
2. Closed system
3. Isolated system
 Fig- show open , closed , Isolated system

 Open system:-
In fig shows an open containing hot coffee placed
in a room. You observe coffee placed in a room. You observe
coffee cools down releasing heat to the surroundings. The water
vapours from coffee simultaneously passes into surrounding .
Such a system (coffee)which exchanges both energy and matter
with the surroundings is called an open system.
 Fig :- Closed system
 Close system:-
In given fig. a cup containing hot coffee is
covered with a saucer .Coffee cools down by giving away
heat to the surroundings .The water vapour from coffee
now does not pass not into surroundings . such a system
that exchange energy and not the matter with the
surroundings is called a closed system.
 Fig :- Isolated system
 Isolated system:-
As you see fig. a cup containing hot
coffee covered with a saucer is insulated from the
surroundings . Coffee does not cool down. Moreover,
there is no escape of water vapors into the
surroundings . Such a system that does not allow
exchange of either energy or matter with the
surrounding is an isolated system.
 ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two
thermodynamic systems are each in thermal
equilibrium with a third system, then they are in
thermal equilibrium with each other. Accordingly,
thermal equilibrium between systems is a transitive
relation.
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two
bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with some third
body, then they are also in equilibrium with each other.
THANKING YOU!