BASKETBAL CAMPFIR

L E

SUN SUNBATHING

H E A T
W O R K
T E MP E R A T U R E
 N R
I NT E R N A L E E G Y
Module 3: HEAT, WORK, AND
ENERGY

Lesson 1: HEAT AND

INTERNAL ENERGY
Demonstrate how heat causes
the internal energy of the water
increase.
 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS
TOPIC
USING BRAIN EXERCISE

Identify the energy transformations

from the following images
REVIEW:
REVIEW:
REVIEW:
REVIEW:
HEAT- is the energy that is
transferred from an object with
higher temperature to an object
with lower temperature.

WORK- is the energy that is

transferred as the result of motion
Everything in our earth
release heat and is governed
by heat.
Heat is present in any system
where work is applied.
Heat is energy in transit.
Whenever work is done on a
body, energy is transformed.
For every energy transformation,
it is associated by heat: it could
be heat gain or heat loss.
Consider putting a
metal spoon in a pan of
hot water.
What happens to the
spoon?
How about the water?
Through time, will
they eventually have
the same temperature?
Thermal equilibrium
the temperature of two
objects in contact
become equal and there
is no further heat flow
between them.
Thermodynamics literally
means “moving or evolving
heat”. The science of
thermodynamics is
concerned with heat and its
transformation to mechanical
energy.
The First law of Thermodynamics
is based on the concept of
Conservation of Energy. It states
that the change in internal energy of
a system equals the difference
between the heat taken in by the
system and the work done by the
system.
Internal energy (U) of a substance

-is the sum of molecular kinetic

energy (due to the random motion of
the molecules), the molecular
potential energy (due to the forces
that act between the atoms of a
molecule and between the molecules),
and other kinds of molecular energy.
The First Law of Thermodynamics
is mathematically expressed as:

ΔU = Q – W where:
ΔU = change in the internal energy,
Q = heat added to the system, and
W = work done by the system.
Take note:
• Joule (J) is the SI unit for energy.
• Q is positive (+) when heat is added to the
system
Q is negative (-) when heat is removed from the
system

W is positive (+) if work is done by the system

W is negative (-) if work is done on the system
Activity 1: Heat and Internal Energy (page
306)

Objectives:
The learners will demonstrate how
heat causes the internal energy of the
water increase.
Guide Questions
1. Compare the temperature of water
before it is boiled, while it is boiling,
and after it has boiled.
2. What does the increase in
temperature indicate?
1. A 120 J of energy is added to a system
that does 40 J of external work. By how
much internal energy of the system is
raised?
2. The internal energy of a
system decreases by 700 J when
it absorbs 2000 J of heat. How
much work is done during the
process? Is the work done by the
system or on the system?
Given: ΔU = -700J Q = +2000 J
Find: W? Equation: ΔU = Q-W

Solution:
-700 J = + 2000 J - W
W = 2000 J + 700 J
Answer: W = 2700 J

Since W is positive (+), it is the system

that does work.
3. Calculate the changes in
internal energy of a system
if 300J is added to the
system and a work of 160 J
is done on the system.
4. If 150 J of heat is added to
a system and the work by the
system is 110J then change in
internal energy will be?
Summary
1. The increase in the internal energy of a
system is equal to the amount of heat added to
a system minus the work done by the system.
2. Adiabatic process is a process without gain
or loss of heat.
3. Internal/ thermal energy is the sum of all
kinetic and potential energies of the atoms/
molecules in the system.
EVALUATION:
Modified True or False
1. Temperature is the measure of the
average kinetic energy of molecules.

TRUE
EVALUATION:
Modified True or False
2. Heat is the process of energy
transfer.
FALSE
EVALUATION:
Modified True or False
3. One calorie of heat is required to
raise the temperature of one gram of
water by one degree Celsius.
TRUE
EVALUATION:
Modified True or False
4. 80 degree Celsius is the
boiling point of water.
FALSE
EVALUATION:
Modified True or False
5. Increase in temperature means an
increase in the internal energy of the
water.
TRUE
Day 2
Describe the flow of heat when your body
touch the following objects
hot pot of chocolate drink
scoop of an ice cream

How can we do the reverse?

 HEAT PUMP
used to reverse the process.
It is a device that allows heat to transfer
from a low temperature reservoir to a
high-temperature reservoir. This is
made possible by doing work to the
engine.
E.g. Refrigerators and air conditioners.
Heat flows normally from
higher temperature to lower
temperature. It is a natural or
spontaneous process. It
does not require any external
energy to occur.
When heat flows from lower
temperature to higher temperature, it
needs mechanical energy to happen.
It is called non-spontaneous
process. In so doing, work should be
done. Mechanical energy is required
for this to happen.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
is applied here.
It states that Heat will never of itself
flow from a cold temperature to a
hot temperature object.
The work is provided by the motor of
the heat pump.
Activity 2: Where Do I Belong?
Page 308-309
Objectives:
The learners should be able to
distinguish the process as
spontaneous or non-spontaneous
process.
 But how does a
refrigerator work?
Gases that can be
easily liquified are
used as
refrigerant.
Common
refrigerants are
sulfur dioxide,
ammonia and freon.
 But how does a
refrigerator work?
1. The refrigerant
comes into the
compressor as a low-
pressure gas, it is
compressed and
then moves out of
the compressor as a
high-temperature
gas.
2. The gas flows
to the
condenser. Here,
the gas
condenses to a
liquid, and gives
off its heat to the
outside air.
3. The liquid then
moves to the
expansion valve
under high
pressure. This
valve restricts the
flow of the fluid
and lowers its
pressure as it
leaves the
expansion valve.
 4. The low-pressure
liquid then moves to
the evaporator, where
heat from the inside air
(usually heat from the
contents of the
refrigerator) is
absorbed and changes
it from liquid to gas.
Hence, the food and
the inside of the
refrigerator are cooled.
5. The cycle
repeats when
the gas (that
absorbed heat)
is produced
and goes back
to the
compressor.
An air conditioner works
exactly in the same way
as a refrigerator. The
inside of the room is the
cold reservoir, while the
outdoors is the hot
 What I Have Learned
1. The First law of
Thermodynamics states that the
change in internal energy of a system
equals the difference between the
heat taken in by the system and the
work done by the system.
 What I Have Learned
2. Internal energy (U) of a substance is
the sum of molecular kinetic energy
(due to the random motion of the
molecules), the molecular potential
energy (due to the forces that act
between the atoms of a molecule and
between the molecules), and other kinds
of molecular energy.
What I Have Learned
3. A heat pump a device that
allows heat to transfer from a
low-temperature reservoir to a
high-temperature reservoir. This
is made possible by doing work
to the engine.
EVALUATIO
N
Do What I Can Do: Follow Me
found in your module
Condenser

Compressor

Expansion Valve

Evaporator
1. The typical analysis of the
thermodynamics system in a refrigerator is
focused on a working fluid called
_______________.

Refrigerant
2. The part of the refrigeration cooling
cycle that converts liquid with low
pressure into high pressure and with low
temperature into high temperature gas is
__________.

Evaporator
3. The part of the refrigeration cooling
cycle that allows the collected heat to be
discharged to the surroundings is called
______.

Condenser
4. The part of the refrigeration cooling
cycle that allows absorbing the heat from
the room is called ____.

Compressor
5. The part of the refrigeration cooling cycle
that converts liquid with high pressure into low
pressure and with high temperature into low
temperature is ___________.

Expansion Valve
6. The refrigerator’s purpose is also to
keep a cool place cool by exhausting
_________ in the kitchen.

Warm air