8CAIE PHYSICS

CHAPTER 18 : HEAT ENERGY TRANSFER

NOTES

HEAT :
 Heat is form of energy .It is a measure of total Kinetic energy of atoms and molecules of the substances due to its internal energy.
 Total amount of heat in a substance is related to its mass.

 Heat is transferred from a body at a higher temperature to a body at lower temperature. The effects of heat on an object are
 Change in temperature of a body
 Change in shape of a body
 Change of state of matter

Temperature :
 Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
 Si unit of temperature is kelvin.
Specific heat capacity:

Aim of the experiment

To measure the specific heat capacity of water.
Joulemeter:
This is a piece of equipment, connected to a power pack, that counts how many joules have been delivered to the immersion heater.
This is very convenient because it gives you a reading for the work done immediately.
•connect the Joulemeter to the power pack and the immersion heater
•place the immersion heater in the cavity (hole) of the metal block.
•use a pipette to put a few drops of water in the smaller cavity and place the thermometer in the small cavity
•turn on the power pack and start a timer
take a reading of the thermometer and Joulemeter at regular time intervals (e.g. 1 minute) and record in a table.
There are 3 ways in which thermal energy can be transferred from one
object/substance to another, or from a system to its surroundings:
 Conduction
 Convection
 Radiation

Green House effect:

A greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a glass roof. Greenhouses

are used to grow plants, such as tomatoes and tropical flowers.
A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during the winter.
In the daytime, sunlight shines into the greenhouse and warms the plants and air inside.
At night-time, it's colder outside, but the greenhouse stays pretty warm inside. That's because the glass walls of the greenhouse trap
the Sun's heat.

Evaporation:
Evaporation is a change in state of a liquid to a gas that can happen at any temperature from the surface of a liquid
There are a few methods to increase the rate of evaporation:

- Increase temperature
- Increase surface area
- Reduce humidity
- Increase wind
Evaporation and Cooling
The cooling effect of evaporation is put to good use in a refrigerator
1. A liquid called a refrigerant passes through pipes in the freezer compartment. As it
evaporates it takes thermal energy from the food and air.
. The pump draws the vapour away, compresses it and turns it back into a liquid. This
releases thermal energy, so the liquid heats up
3. The hot liquid is cooled as it passes through the condenser pipes at the back. The
thermal energy is then taken away by the air.
Overall, the thermal energy is transferred from the food inside the fridge to the air outside.