BASIC CONCEPT OF

HAZARD
M R . J AV E N . S A L I N A S , M A E D
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Describe the word hazard
Identify the different types of hazards
Observe proper precaution signs and
symbols in hazard areas
Appreciate the importance of observing
precautionary measures
IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING
HAZARD SIGNS & SYMBOLS
IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING
HAZARD SIGNS & SYMBOLS
 WHAT IS HAZARD?
Are those elements of the physical environment, harmful to man and
caused by forces extraneous to him (Burton et al 1978).
A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss
(Standards Australia 2000).
A natural event that has the potential to cause harm or loss (ADPC 2012).
A phenomenon or situation, which has the potential to cause the disruption
or damage to people, their property, their services, and their environment
( USGS Hazard Terminologies).
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
HAZARDS
1. NATURAL HAZARDS – such as earthquakes or floods arise from
purely natural processes in the environment.
2. QUASI-NATURAL HAZARDS – such as smog or desertification that
arise through the interaction of natural processes and human
activities.
3. TECHNOLOGICAL OR HUMAN-MADE HAZARDS – such as the
toxicity of pesticides to agricultural lands, accident leaks of
chemicals from chemical laboratories or radiation from a nuclear
plant. These arise directly as a result of human activities.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ATMOSPHERIC (COMBINED
1. ATMOSPHERIC (SINGLE ELEMENT)
ELEMENTS/EVENTS)
Excess Rainfall Hurricanes
Freezing Rain (Glaze) Glaze storm
Hail Thunderstorms
Heavy Snow Falls
Blizzards
High Wind Speeds
Extreme temperature Tornadoes
Heat/cold stress
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
2. HYDROLOGIC 3. BIOLOGIC
Floods – river and coastal Epidemic in humans
areas
Epidemic in plants
Wave action
Drought Epidemic in animals
Rapid glacier advance Locusts
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
4. GEOLOGIC 5. TECHNOLOGIC
Mass movement Transportation accident
landslides Industrial explosions and fire
Mudslides Accidents release of toxic
elements
Avalanches
Nuclear accidents
Earthquakes
Volcanic eruption Collapse of public buildings
Cyber terrorism
Rapid sediment movement
IMPACTS OF VARIOUS HAZARDS ON
DIFFERENT EXPOSED ELEMENTS
PHYSICAL IMPACT
Death of People
Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure like transport system, roads, bridges, power
lines, and communication lines
Widespread loss of housing
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT
Grief and psychological trauma – Post Traumatic Severe Disorder (PTSD)
Marital Conflicts
Depression due to loss of loved ones and properties
Chronic anxiety among children severely affected
IMPACTS OF VARIOUS HAZARDS ON
DIFFERENT EXPOSED ELEMENTS
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT
Displacement of population
Loss of cultural identity
Forced adoption of new sets of culture
Ethnic conflicts
ECONOMIC IMPACT
Loss of job due to displacement
Loss of harvest and livestock
Loss of farms, fish cages, and other sources of living
Loss of money and other valuables like jewelries, furniture and appliances
IMPACTS OF VARIOUS HAZARDS ON
DIFFERENT EXPOSED ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Loss of forests due to forest fires
Loss of fresh water due to salination – intrusion of salt water to fresh water sources
Distribution of biodiversity
Loss of natural rivers and other tributaries
BIOLOGICAL IMPACT
Epidemic to people, flora and fauna
Chronic and permanent illnesses due to nuclear radiation
Mental disorder developed from consumption of contaminated foods
Proliferation of different viral and bacterial diseases
THANK YOU!!