Thermodynamic

Analysis
 Problem 1
1. Saturated Vapor (steam) at 1 bar is taken continuously into a compressor at
low velocity and compressed to 3 bar. It then enters a nozzle where it expands
back to a pressure of 1 bar and its initial condition of saturated steam.
However, it now has a velocity of 600m/s. The steam rate is 2.5 Kg/s. It is
found necessary to cool the compressor at the rate of 150 kW and the power
required for compression is 600 kW. Make a thermodynamic analysis of the
process (To=300K)

Stream T (K) P (bar) H (kJ/kg) S (kJ/kg/K)

1        
2        
3        

  kW ηth
W….    
Wlost    
Wlost    
W….    
 Problem 1
1. Saturated Vapor (steam) at 1 bar is taken continuously into a
compressor at low velocity and compressed to 3 bar. It then
enters a nozzle where it expands back to a pressure of 1 bar
and its initial condition of saturated steam. However, it now
has a velocity of 600m/s. The steam rate is 2.5 Kg/s. It is
found necessary to cool the compressor at the rate of 150 kW
and the power required for compression is 600 kW. Make a
thermodynamic analysis of the process (To=300K)
Stream T (K) P (bar) H (kJ/kg) S (kJ/kg/K)

1 1

2   3    

3 1
 Problem 1
1. Saturated Vapor (steam) at 1 bar is taken continuously into a
compressor at low velocity and compressed to 3 bar. It then
enters a nozzle where it expands back to a pressure of 1 bar
and its initial condition of saturated steam. However, it now
has a velocity of 600m/s. The steam rate is 2.5 Kg/s. It is
found necessary to cool the compressor at the rate of 150 kW
and the power required for compression is 600 kW. Make a
thermodynamic analysis of the process (To=300K)
Stream T (K) P (bar) H (kJ/kg) S (kJ/kg/K)

1 372.63 1 2675.4 7.3598

2   3    

3 372.63 1 2675.4 7.3598

• Steady state flow energy: (Compressor)
Q + Ws = ṁ*(∆H + ∆K.E + ∆P.E)
 ṁ*(∆H)= Q + Ws. (∆K.E = ∆P.E = zero)
 2.5*(H2 – 2675.4) = -150 + 600.
 H2 = 2855.4 kJ/kg.

Stream T (K) P (bar) H (kJ/kg) S (kJ/kg/K)

1 372.63 1 2675.4 7.3598

2   3 2855.4   

3 372.63 1 2675.4 7.3598

Interpolating: To get S2
T (oC) H (kJ/kg) S (kJ/kg/K)

190 2844.8 7.2677

  2855.4 ??

200 2865.5 7.3119

 Interpolating:

• S2 = 7.2903 kJ/kg/K

Stream T (K) P (bar) H (kJ/kg) S (kJ/kg/K)

1 372.63 1 2675.4 7.3598

2   3  2855.4 7.2903 

3 372.63 1 2675.4 7.3598

• Compressor:
Wideal = ṁ*(∆H - To ∆S)
• Nozzle:
Wactual = ṁ*(∆H - Q) Wideal = ṁ*(∆H + ∆K.E - To ∆S)
Wactual = ṁ*(∆H + ∆K.E - Q)
  kW ηth (%)

Wideal 450 75

Wlost (Compressor) 97.875 16.3125

Wlost (Nozzle) 52.125 8.6875

Ws 600 100
 Problem 2 (Assignment)
2. Steam at pressure 86 bar and temperature 500 oc enters a turbine and exits as
saturated vapor at 0.1 bar which enters a condenser and exits as saturated liquid
to be pumped to a boiler before re-entering the turbine again. Assuming the
temperature difference across the pump and the pressure difference across the
boiler are negligible, make a thermodynamic analysis of the above cycle (Take
ṁ= 1 kg/s).

Stream T (K) P (bar) H (kJ/kg) S (kJ/kg/K)

1  773  86 3391.6  6.68648 
2  318.83  0.1 2584.8  8.1511 
3  318.83 0.1  191.8  0.6493 
4  318.83 86  200  0.647204 

  kW ηth
W….    
Wlost    
Wlost    
Wlost    
Wlost    
W….    
Thank You.