Mce Igcse Chemistry PPT c02

PowerPoint Slides for Cambridge IGCSE TM Chemistry Student’s Book
CHAPTER 2
ELEMENTS,
COMPOUNDS
AND
MIXTURES
© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd The following content has not been through the Cambridge Assessment International Education endorsement process. 1
Questions
• Why do you think hydrogen is used in airships?
• What are other examples of elements around you?
• Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
Do you know of other substances that are formed
when hydrogen combines with other elements?
• How do we tell if a substance is an element, a
compound or a mixture?
© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 2

2.1 Elements and Compounds

In this section, you will learn the following:
• Describe the differences between elements,
molecules and compounds.

2.1 Elements and Compounds

What are elements?
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into two or more simpler
substances by chemical processes.
Sugar and water can be broken down into simpler

substances. Thus, they are not elements.
When sugar is heated, it breaks down

into carbon and water vapour.
Chemical symbols of elements

Names and symbols of some common elements
• Chemical symbols are used represent elements.
• A chemical symbol consists of one or two letters.
• If the symbol contains two letters, the first letter of the
chemical symbol is always in upper case and the second
letter is in lower case.

Atoms
Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that Monatomic elements
have the chemical properties of that element.
• Elements that exist as individual atoms are called monoatomic
Each element contains only one type of atoms. elements.
• Examples: Noble gases, such as helium, neon, argon, krypton,
xenon and radon.
Monatomic elements

Molecules
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms
that are chemically combined.
• H2 represents a molecule of hydrogen.

• 2H represents two atoms of hydrogen.
Hydrogen molecule Two hydrogen atoms

(H2) (2H)

Diatomic molecules
• Diatomic molecules are those that are formed by the
combination of two atoms.
• There are also molecules that contain three or more
atoms.
Diatomic molecules
Molecules with three or more atoms

What are compounds?

A compound is a pure substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
• For example:
Water (H2O)
Ratio Hydrogen atoms : Oxygen atoms

2 : 1
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is always 2 : 1.
Ratio Hydrogen atoms : Oxygen atoms
2 : 2

Composition of a compound
• A compound may be made up
of molecules or another type of
particles called ions.
• Ions are electrically charged
particles.
• An ion carries either positive or
negative charge(s).
Water is made up Sodium chloride is

of molecules. made up of ions.

Properties of a compound
• Compound has different properties from its constituent elements.
• For example, magnesium burns in oxygen to form a compound called
magnesium oxide.
• Magnesium and oxygen are its constituent elements.
• Magnesium oxide has properties different from magnesium and oxygen.
When magnesium burns

in air, a white solid called
magnesium oxide is formed.

Naming of compounds
Every compound has a chemical name that indicates the elements it contains.
Can you write down the constituent elements of each compound in the table?
?
?
?
?
?

Chemical formula of a compound

A compound can be represented by a chemical formula.
The chemical formula tells us

• the types of atoms (i.e., elements)
present in the compound;
• the ratio of the different atoms present in
the compound.
Chemical formula of water

To find the ratio of atoms in the chemical formula of lead(II) nitrate
The ratio of atoms in lead(II) nitrate is lead : nitrogen : oxygen = 1: 2 : 6.

Can you write down the ratio of atoms of each compound in the table?
Chemical formulae of some compounds
?
?
?
?

Decomposition of compounds
• Chemical processes such as thermal decomposition and electrolysis can be used to
decompose compounds.
• These processes break down compounds into elements or simpler compounds.
Thermal Where heat is used to break down compound

decomposition
Where electricity is used to break down

Electrolysis compound

Thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate
Thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate

What are the differences between elements and compounds?

Comparing elements and compounds

2.2 Mixtures
In this section, you will learn the following:

• Describe the differences between mixtures and
compounds.

2.2 Mixtures
A mixture is made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
neon water hydrogen ammonia
Different types of mixtures

Alloys as examples of mixtures
Most wind instruments such as the trumpet

are made of brass, which is an alloy of
copper and zinc.

What are the differences between

mixtures and compounds?
The following slides features a table showing the
differences between mixtures and compounds.

Comparing mixtures and compounds
Iron is magnetic but sulfur Unlike the elements that

is not. The iron can be form it, iron(II) sulfide does
separated with a magnet. not have any magnetic
properties.

How can we determine if a substance is an element, a compound or a mixture?

• We can conduct an experiment to
determine if a substance is an element,
Let’s Investigate 2A
a compound or a mixture.
Reactions of substances A to E with water or when heated

What have you learnt?
? ? ?
? ? ? ? ?

What have you learnt?

Acknowledgements
• Slide 1: airship – ID: 40464434 © Dmitry Rukhlenko | Dreamstime.com
• Slide 2: storm thunderstorm aviation © Louis-de-Funes | pixabay.com (https://pixabay.com/videos/storm-thunderstorm-aviation-clouds-29778/)
• Slide 4: decomposition of sugar © MCE
• Slide 10: water – ID: 9709248 © Michael Dykstra | Dreamstime.com, salt – ID: 6905993 © Cardiae | Dreamstime.com
• Slide 11: magnesium burning in air © MCE
• Slide 21: girl playing trumpet – ID: 917515 © Ken Hurst | Dreamstime.com

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PowerPoint Slides for Cambridge IGCSE TM Chemistry Student’s Book

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 2

2.1 Elements and Compounds

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 3

2.1 Elements and Compounds

Sugar and water can be broken down into simpler

When sugar is heated, it breaks down

Chemical symbols of elements

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 5

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 6

• H2 represents a molecule of hydrogen.

Hydrogen molecule Two hydrogen atoms

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Molecules with three or more atoms

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 8

What are compounds?

Ratio Hydrogen atoms : Oxygen atoms

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 9

Water is made up Sodium chloride is

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 10

When magnesium burns

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 11

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 12

Chemical formula of a compound

The chemical formula tells us

Chemical formula of water

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 13

To find the ratio of atoms in the chemical formula of lead(II) nitrate

The ratio of atoms in lead(II) nitrate is lead : nitrogen : oxygen = 1: 2 : 6.

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 14

Chemical formulae of some compounds

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 15

Thermal Where heat is used to break down compound

Where electricity is used to break down

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 16

Thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate

Thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 17

What are the differences between elements and compounds?

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 18

In this section, you will learn the following:

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 19

neon water hydrogen ammonia

Different types of mixtures

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 20

Alloys as examples of mixtures

Most wind instruments such as the trumpet

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 21

What are the differences between

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 22

Comparing mixtures and compounds

Iron is magnetic but sulfur Unlike the elements that

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 23

How can we determine if a substance is an element, a compound or a mixture?

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 24

What have you learnt?

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 25

What have you learnt?

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 26

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 27

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