MENTAL

ILLNESSES
(SCHIZOPHRENIA, MANIA &
DEPRESSION)

AGATHA GASELARONA
FRANCE NGOMA
TEFO MOKGWATHI
THUTO LETSHOLO
TUMI DIRANYANE
MASON MOSIMANEWAPULA
KARABO MOUSE
REITUMETSE MOTHIBI
 OBJECTIVES

 Understanding the mental illnesses and its symptoms

 Types of the aforementioned mental illnesses
 Causes of the aforementioned mental illnesses
 Managing and preventing the aforementioned mental illnesses
SCHIZOPHRENIA
WHAT IS
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Schizophrenia is a serious
mental illness that affects how
a person thinks, feels, and
behaves.

SOURCE: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmrsharrispsychology.school.blog%2Fclassification-of-schizophrenia
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The exact causes of schizophrenia are
unknown. Research suggests a combination
of physical, genetic, psychological and
environmental factors can make a person
more likely to develop the condition.

SOURCE: https://www.caresathome.com/blog/schizophrenia-its-not-a-mental-
illness-its-a-medical-condition
SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

 You cold be diagnosed with schizophrenia if you have some of these symptoms
 Hallucinations
 Delusions
 Disorganised thinking
 Lack of motivation
 Slow movement
 Poor grooming
 PREVENTING & MANAGING
SCHIZOPHRENIA
There is no way to prevent schizophrenia, but there are ways to prevent or manage the symptoms.

 PREVENTION  MANAGEMENT
 Avoiding drugs such cannabis, cocaine  Practice of pharmacotherapy
and amphetamines  Psychotherapy
 Engaging in social groups to get social  Cognitive behaviour therapy
support to avoid triggers.
 Antipsychotic medication
 Peer support and self-management
 Clozapine
 Self actualization
 Lurasidone
 Complementary treatments
 Regular physical activity
 Nutritious diet
MANIA
WHAT IS MANIA
A condition involving a person showing
high levels of energy, mood or behaviour.
SYMPTOMS OF MANIA
• Feeling very happy
• Talking very quickly
• Being esily distracted
CAUSES OF MANIC
EPISODE
Scientists aren’t completely sure what
causes mania. However, several factors are
thought to contribute. Causes differ from
person to person.
MANAGEMENT & PREVENTION OF
MANIA
 Although episodes of mania can’t always be prevented, you can make a plan to
better manage your symptoms and prevent them from getting worse when you
feel a manic episode may be starting.
 Avoiding stimulants with caffeine
 Limiting sunlight exposure
 Avoiding exposure to computers at night

 It is important for patients to know their mania triggers!!!!!

DEPRESSION

WHAT IS DEPRESSION
Depression is a common and serious mental
illness that negatively affects how you feel,
the way you think and how you act.
DEPRESSION IS A COMMON BUT
SERIOUS MOOD DISORDER
 TYPES OF DEPRESSION
Depression is classified into seven subtypes.
 Major depressive disorder
 Dysthmia or persistent depressive disorder
 Premenstrual depressive disorder
 Substance depressive disorder
 Depressive disorder due to another medical
disorder
 Specified depressive disorder
 Recurrent depressive disorder
 Short-duration depressive disorder
 Unspecified depressive disorder
 Melancholia
 Atypical depression
 Peripartum depression
 Seasonal pattern
SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES OF
DEPRESSION
 SYMPTOMS  CAUSES
No single cause of depression.
 Stressful events
 Personality
 Family history
 Giving birth
 Loneliness
 Alcohol & drugs
 illnesses
PREVENTION & MANAGEMENT OF
DEPRESSION
 PREVENTION
 Exercise regularly
 Cut back on social media time
 Build strong relationships
 Minimize daily choices
 Reduce stress
 MANAGEMENT
 Finding the right medication
 Psychotherapy
 Hospital and residential treatment
 Life simplification
 Avoid isolation
 relax
DON’T CONFUSE MANIA AND DEPRESSION