LEGAL,

ETHICAL,
AND
SOCIETAL
ISSUES IN MIL
CM6
 01 02
What are the legal, What are some of the
ethical, and societal safeguards against
issues that arise in potential conflicts
media and information arising from these
literacy? issues?

FOCUS 03
QUESTIONS How do we navigate
the often-gray areas
between these issues
and demonstrate
ethics as smart users
of media?
Digital Divide
Initially conceptualized by the American
Digital
psychologist Lloyd Morrisett, the concept of
a digital divide is defined as an uneven Divide
distribution in the access, use of, or impact
of information and communications
technologies between a number of distinct
groups (National Telecommunications and
Information Administration, USA, 1995).
 a. Access to Information

among socio-economic groups

This is manifested in online news portals such as
the ABS-CBN News website, which maintains a
separate, “tabloidized” news portal called
Patrol.PH, which is targeted for the working class;
Partrol.ph
 a. Access to Information

among socio-political groups

Elderly citizens supporting election candidates they
frequently hear on radio and television; youth
supporting candidates who campaign over social
media;
 a. Access to Information

between geographical locations

The nightly news focuses more on events that
happen in the NCR and Luzon, and less in
Visayas and Mindanao;
 a. Access to Information

between geopolitical statuses

The amount of American-related news shown in the People’s
Republic of China (especially in the state-run network
CCTV), and the amount of Chinese-related news shown in
American households (in their Big 4 stations:
ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox);
 a. Access to Information

between genders
According to a 2018 report, males dominate the knowledge
of using mobile devices for gaming and looking for jobs,
while females are left with using the basic functions of their
phones such as making phone calls, and the calculator
application
 b. Access and Usage of Technology

The capability of using a particular

software/application (you know how to cite
references in Microsoft Word with
ease using the References toolbar, while your
classmates still cite theirs manually),
 b. Access and Usage of Technology

access to
technological tools
(such as the
smartphone
example earlier),
 b. Access and Usage of Technology

The quality of the internet connection

(South Koreans are cruising on 27mbps average
internet speed, while Filipinos are tippy-toeing on a
6mbps average
speed [as of 2017])
In a broader scope, the
digital divide is a reflection
of the
progress and decline of the
society a person belongs
to.
A child from the far-flung provinces who have only tried using a
computer unit running on a CRT monitor and a Pentium 3-powered
CPU may be alienated by the sight of college students in the city
carrying laptops running on AMD Ryzen processors, and paper-thin
Apple MacBook laptops.
Intel processor and AMD processor vs Pentium 3
POINT TO PONDER

As a digital native, how do you

shrink the digital divide in your
house with your parents/guardians,
grandparents, and/or other
relatives who may not belong to the
same generation as you?
Internet/ Online
Addiction
 Internet/ Online
For years, we have been
dubbed as “the social media Addiction
capital of the world”, with the
average Filipino gluing their eyes
to their phone, tablet,
computer unit, or even smart TV
for ten hours, despite having
turtle-speed internet connections.
Three hours from Internet/ Online
that ten is spent solely on social
media. You know it’s a fact when Addiction
even a TV advertisement of a
local hotdog brand has addressed
how children reach for their
gadgets the moment they wake
up, to the point of skipping
breakfast just to spend time with
their friends online.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1589845/social-media-internet-
craze-keep-ph-on-top-2-of-world-list
 Internet/ Online
generally defined as the excessive
use of computers to the extent
Addiction
that it interferes with daily life.
Simply put, if using the internet
is what dictates how you get by
your day, the way you use it may
be considered problematic.
 INTERNET/ONLINE ADDICTION

Dr. Keith Beard (1995), an expert on internet

addiction, proposed a characteristic list which is
answerable by “Yes” or “No”. On your own, you
may want to check these
characteristics to see whether you fit the bill.
POINT TO PONDER

In the Filipino context, why

do you think we like to use
the internet so much?
Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying
Experts generally define
cyberbullying as the act of
harassment or overpowering
another
person through digital means
(such as social media).
 the “Amalayer” incident,
involving a
college student from La
Consolacion College
named Paula Jamie
Salvosa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EszwZDepTI
cyber harassment This is when a perpetrator
attacks a person on a constant
basis with the objective of
instilling emotional harm,
fear, and lack of security
within the victim’s online
social circles. The attacks can
come in the form of:
cyber harassment 1.) unnecessary messages (such as
threats and ransoms)
2.) posting of unnecessary media
related to the person,
with the objective of exposing,
shaming, and/or
making fun of the victim, and/or
3.) (such as cybersex, scamenticing
the victim to do something for the
perpetrator’s benefit ming, fraud,
etc.)
 This is when the perpetrator
cyber stalking follows the trail of the victim
through acquiring their personal
information, with the intent of
harming them using the acquired
information.
This is prevalent among celebrities,
with perpetrators going through
their personal social media
accounts and the cloud storage
devices of their mobile devices
during a mass
hacking of accounts in 2014.
 This is an intentional form of
trolling bullying. To troll someone is
to blatantly attack someone whom
you are not in good
terms with or a random person for
the satisfaction of
getting to the nerves of that person,
eliciting unsuspecting
replies and rebuttals, only to be met
with more intentional attacks.
Flaming, as discussed in the lecture
regarding
netiquette, is an avenue of trolling.
It has been pointed out by experts that people subject to
cyberbullying may have lower self-esteem, increased thoughts of
committing suicide (formally called as “suicide ideation”), and
various emotional responses such as getting scared, frustrated,
angry, anxious, and depressed.

Hinduja & Patchin, 2009

One of the things that you should do immediately when
encountering a cyberbully is to ignore them. Chances are that the
person is merely trolling you and gauging whether you will bite into
the trap, causing the cyberbully to attack you more, until you can no
longer fend off, and you start feeling insecure about yourself.

Do NOT FEED THE TROLLS!!!!

ARTICLE LINK:
https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/08/23/12/carabue
na-bully-cyberbullying-victim
Thank you for
listening 