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Standardised PPT - Lec. - Ellipse - MATHS - Dropper-JEE - Batch - Awadesh - SIR - Arun
Standardised PPT - Lec. - Ellipse - MATHS - Dropper-JEE - Batch - Awadesh - SIR - Arun
18
16
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Number of Questions
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2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
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PPT Content
1 Basics of Ellipse
2 Standard equation of Ellipse
3 Focal Directrix Property, Auxiliary circle,
Eccentric angle
4 Parametric equation
5 Equation of Tangent and Normal
6 Properties of Ellipse
1 Standard Equation of Ellipse
3 Position of A Point
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1, , 𝑎 > 𝑏, 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 1 − 𝑒 2
𝑎2 𝑏2
Important Terms and Definitions
1. Focus :
2. Directrix :
3. Major Axis :
4. Minor Axis :
5. Centre :
6. Vertex :
7. Latus-rectum :
8. Double ordinate :
SHIFTED ELLIPSE:
If axes are parallel to coordinate axes and center of ellipse is ( �) then equation
of 2
(x−𝑎) (y–β)2
ellipse is =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
+ (�
)
Question
𝑥2 𝑦 2
Find the eccentricity of an ellipse + = 1 whose latus rectum is half of its
𝑎2 𝑏2
major axis.
1
Ans. e=
2
Question
Find everything
2
for ellipse
𝑦
𝑥2 +
=1
400 144
Ans. e = 4/5
Center (0,0)
Focii =
Question
Find everything for ellipse
4𝑥 2 + 16𝑦2 − 24𝑥 − 32𝑦 = 12
𝐹𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑖 = (3 ± 2 3,
Question
Find the equation of an ellipse, referred to its axes as the axes of coordinates,
with foci (±2,0) and latus rectum is 6 units.
𝑥2
Ans. +𝑦 =1
Question
Find the equation of the ellipse its centre at the point (2, −3), one focus
at
(3, −3) and one vertex at (4, −3).
𝑥2
If one extremity of minor of the ellipse
2
+ 𝑦 = 1 and
2
the foci form an
𝑎 𝑏
equilateral triangle, then find its eccentricity.
Ans. 𝑒 = 12
Focal Distance Property:
Sum of distances of a moving point from two fixed
points is always a constant which is greater than the
distance between those two fixed points
| PF1 | + | PF2 | = 2a
Question
1
Ans.
4 2
Question
C1 and C2 are two fixed circles with radii r1 and r2 such that C2 is contained in
C1. A third circle C moves in such a way that it touches C1 internally and C2
externally, then find the find locus of its centre.
Ans. (13)
AUXILIARY CIRCLE AND ECCENTRIC ANGLE :
𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
Ans. , , ,
4 4 4 4
Question
Find ' e ' for the ellipse whose parameter equation is x = 3 + 2 cos 𝜃
&
𝑦 = 3 + 4sin 𝜃
3
Ans. e= 2
Question
The curve represented by 𝑥 = (cos 𝑡 + sin 𝑡), 𝑦 = 4(cos 𝑡 − sin 𝑡), where ' 𝑡 '
is
a(A)
parameter
Ellipse is: (B) Parabola
(C) Hyperbola (D) None of these
Ans. (A)
POSITION OF A POINT w.r.t. AN ELLIPSE :
𝑥2 𝑦2
Let 𝑆(𝑥, 𝑦) = + − 1 be the given ellipse and P x1, y1 is the
𝑎2 𝑏2
given point.
(i) If Sx1, y1 > 0 then P x1, y1 lie outside the
ellipse.
(ii) If S x1, y1 < 0 then P x1, y1 lie inside the
ellipse.
(iii) If S x1, y1 = 0 then P x1, y1 lie on the
ellipse.
Question
Check whether the point 𝑃(3,2) lies inside, on or outside of the
2
2
25
𝑥 16
𝑦
ellipse + = 1.
Ans. Inside
Question
Find the set of values of ' 𝛼 ′ for which the point 𝑃(𝛼, −𝛼) lies inside
2
2
16
𝑥 𝑦
the ellipse 9 + = 1.
12
12
Ans. 𝛼 ∈ − ,
INTERACTION OF A LINE AND AN ELLIPSE :
Let the equation of the line is 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 ……(1)
2
2
𝑥2 𝑦 2
and equation of ellipse
from (1) & (2), we get is
𝑎
+ 𝑏
=1 …….
(2)
𝑏 2 + 𝑎 2𝑚 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑎2𝑐𝑚𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑐 2 − 𝑏2 = 0 …
(3)
If D > 0 The line meets the ellipse in real and distinct
Ans. 𝜆 = ±5
BATCH CODE – TYPE HERE
(ii) The eccentric angles of point of contact of two parallel tangents differ by 𝜋.
Conversely if the difference between the eccentric angles of two points is 𝜋
then the tangents at these points are parallel.
Question
Ans. 2𝑦 = 𝑥 ± 4
Question
How many real tangents can be drawn from the point (4,3) to
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
the ellipse + = 1. Find the equation these tangents &
16
angle between
9 them.
𝜋
Ans. Two, 𝑥 = 4 & 𝑦 = 3,
2
Question
Ans. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 ± 7
Question
Find the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the centre of the
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
ellipse + = 1 on the chord joining two points whose eccentric
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝜋
angles differ by 2.
Ans. 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 2 = 𝑎 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑏2𝑦2.
Question
Equation of the tangent to an ellipse 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦2 = 144 passing from (2, 3).
Ans. 𝑦 = 3, 𝑥 + 𝑦 =
Question
The area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the end
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
points of the latus rectum to the ellipse +
9 5
=1
is: 27
(A) (B) 27 (C) 27 (D) 18
2 4
Ans. (B)
Question
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
If the line 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 12 is tangent to the ellipse + 3, 2 ,
−9
𝑎 2 = 𝑏12
[JEE(Main)-2019]
then
at thethe length of the latus rectum of the ellipse is :
point
(A) 12 2 (B) 9 (C) 8 3 (D) 5
Ans. (B)
Question
2
2
𝑥4 2
𝑥 −𝑏 2𝑦
of and+the
4 =other
0 is acommon
commontangent
tangentare
to given
𝑦2 = 4𝑥&
by : + 𝑏𝑦 = 1. Then the value
(A) 𝑏 = 3; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 (B) 𝑏 = 3; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4 = 0
(C) 𝑏 = 3; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 = (D) b = 3; x − 2y − 4 =
0 0
Ans. (A)
Question
2
2
16
𝑥
If slope of common tangent x2 + y2 = 12 and 9 + 𝑦 = 1 [JEE
is m find 12m2
Main 2021]
Ans. (9)
Question
2
𝑥 +1
Find number of points on curve 𝑦 = from where two perpendicular
𝑥
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
tangents are drawn to ellipse +
16
9 =1
Ans. (4)
Question
2
𝑥 𝑦2
If minimum area of triangle formed by tangents to = 1 with
𝑏2 4𝑎 2
coordinate axes is k (ab) Find k.
+
Ans. k =2
Question
If tangents are drawn to the ellipse 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦2 = 2 at all points on the ellipse
other than its four vertices then the mid points of the tangents intercepted
between the coordinates axes lie on the curve [JEE (Main)-
2021] 2
1 1 2
(A) 2 + 2 = 1 𝑥 𝑦
4𝑥2 2𝑦 (B) 2 + 4 =1
2 1
+ 2 =1
(C) 𝑥4 + 𝑦2 = 1 (D) 2𝑥 1 2 4𝑦
Ans. (D)
Question
Locus of the point of intersection of the pair of tangents on an ellipse if
the difference of the point of eccentric angle of their point of contact is
2𝜋/3.
2
2 𝑥
[Ans.
𝑦 +
Question
Let 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝜆 be positive real numbers. Suppose 𝑃 is an end point of the latus
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
rectum of the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝜆𝑥, and suppose the ellipse +
𝑎2 = 1𝑏2
through the point 𝑃. If the tangents to the parabola and the ellipse at the point 𝐏
passes
are perpendicular to each other, then the eccentricity of the ellipse is
[JEE (Adv)-2020 ]
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
2 2 5
3
Ans. (A)
Equation of tangents from an external point:
x 21 y12
S1 ≡ + −1
a2 b2
xx 1 yy1
T≡ + −1
a2 b2
Question
2 2
2
2
𝑥2 𝑦𝑏 2 𝑥𝑎 𝑦𝑏
A tangent
points to the
P and ellipsethat +
Q; prove
𝑎
= 1 meets
the tangents at Pthe ellipse
and Q are at+right=angles.
𝑎 + 𝑏 in the
Question
𝑥 2 𝑦2
If tangents to the parabola 𝑦2 = 4𝑎𝑥 intersect the ellipse +
= 12
𝑎2 𝑏
at 𝐴 and 𝐵, the find the locus of point of intersection of tangents
at A
and B.
4
Ans. 𝑦 2 = − 𝑏
𝑎3
Question
Find the locus of point of intersection of tangents at the extremities
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
of the chords of the ellipse + = 1 subtending a right angle at its
𝑎2 𝑏2
centre.
Ans. 𝑥 42 + 𝑦 2 = 1 + 1
𝑎 𝑏4 𝑎2
𝑏2
Director Circle :
𝑥2 𝑦2
Equation of Director Circle for ellipse 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 1 is x2 + y2 = a2 + b2
Question
An ellipse slides between two perpendicular lines. Show that
the locus of its centre is a circle.
Question
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 𝑚
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ±
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2𝑚 2
Question
Ans. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
Question
2 2
If the normal at the point 𝑃(𝜃) to the ellipse 𝑥 + 𝑦
3 2
= 1
intersects it again at the point 𝑄(2𝜃), then find cos 𝜃.
Ans. –
1
Question
Find the shortest distance between the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 and the
2
2
16
𝑥
ellipse 9 +𝑦 =1
5
Ans.
2
Question
2 2
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
If straight line 3 + = c is a normal to the ellipse +
4 𝑎2 = 𝑏2
𝑎 − 𝑏 is equal
2 2
1(𝑎
to > 𝑏), then (B) 5c (C) 6c (D) 2c
(A) 4c
Ans. (B)
Question
Tangent and normal to an ellipse 3x2 + 5y2 = 32 at P(2,2) meets x-axis at Q and
R. Find area of triangle PQR [JEE Mains 2019]
68
Ans.
15
Question
If normal to ellipse 3x2 +4y2 = 12 at point P is parallel to 2x + y = 4 and
tangent to ellipse at P passes through Q(4,4) than distance PQ is equal to
5 5
Ans.
2
Question
2
2
If normal at one end of latus rectum" of ellipse 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 1 passes through
5−1 𝑎
other end minor axis then show that e = 2 2
2
𝑏
Question
Find the equation of the largest circle with centre (1,0) that can be inscribed in
the ellipse 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦2 = 16.
Ans. 4x = 5𝑦
Question
If P(𝛼) and P(𝛽) are extremities of a focal chord of ellipse then
𝛼 −𝛽
cos 2
prove that its eccentricity 𝑒 = 𝛼 +𝛽
cos 2
Question
𝑥2 𝑦2
Find the sum of squares of two diameters of the ellipse +
2
= 12
𝜋 𝑎 𝑏
whose extremities have eccentric angles differ by 2 and show that it
is constant.
Ans. 4 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
Question
Show that the sum of squares of reciprocals of two perpendicular
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
diameters of the ellipse + = 1 is constant. Find the constant
𝑎2 𝑏2
also.
1 1 1
Ans. 4 +
𝑎2 𝑏2
Equation of Chord whose mid point (x1, y1)
𝑥2
Find the equation of chord of the ellipse + 𝑦 = 1 whose mid point be (−1,1).
16
9
Ans. 9𝑥 + 16𝑦 = 25
Question
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
Find the locus of mid-points of chords of the ellipse +
2 𝑎2 =1𝑏2
touching
𝑥 2 the𝑦
ellipse 2 + = 1.
𝑐
𝑑2
𝑥2 𝑦2 2
[Ans. 𝑐 2𝑥 2 + 𝑑 2𝑦 2 = + 𝑏2
𝑎2
𝑎4 𝑏4
Question
Find the locus of the middle points of chords of an ellipse
(a) which subtend a right angle at their centre.
(b) the tangent at the ends of which intersect at right angles.
[Ans. (a) 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎 2 𝑦 2 2 = 𝑎 2𝑏 2 𝑏 4 𝑥 2 + 𝑎 4 𝑦 2 ;
2
(b) 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑦
4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
ሿ
Chord of contact
[Ans. 3𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 9; 2𝑥 =
Question
𝑎4
−
Ans.
𝑏4
BATCH CODE – TYPE HERE
(ii) If 𝜃1, 𝜃2 and 𝜃3 are the eccentric angles of three points on the ellipse,
then normals at these points are concurrent
if sin 𝜃1 + 𝜃2 + sin 𝜃2 + 𝜃3 + sin 𝜃1 + 𝜃3 = 0
(iii) Co-normal points lie on a fixed curve:
Let 𝑃 𝑥1, 𝑦1 , 𝑄 𝑥2, 𝑦2 , 𝑅 𝑥3, 𝑦3 and 𝑆 𝑥4, 𝑦4 be co-normal points,
then PQRS lie on the curve 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏2𝑘𝑥 − 𝑎2ℎ𝑦 = 0
This curve is called Apollonian rectangular hyperbola.
Q(x2, y2) P(x1, y1)
T(h, k)
“If incoming light ray passes through focus S'(or S), strike the concave
side of ellipse the after reflection it will pass through other focus.”
(2) The locus of the point of intersection of feet of perpendicular
from foci on any tangent to an ellipse is the auxiliary circle.
(3) The product of perpendicular distance from the foci to any
tangent of an ellipse is equal to square of the semi minor axis.
(4) Tangents at the extremities of latus-rectum of an ellipse
intersect on the corresponding directrix.
(5) If the normal at any point P on the ellipse with centre C meet the
major & minor axes in G & g respectively' & if CF be perpendicular
upon this normal then
(i) PF. PG = b2
(ii) PF. Pg = a2
(6) The portion of the tangent to an ellipse between the point of
contact & the directrix subtends a right angle at the corresponding
focus.
(7) Image of focus in any Tangent lies on line joining point of contact
& other focus.
Question
If foci of ellipse which touches 𝑥-axis are (1,2)&(4,5) then find eccentricity of
ellipse.
3
Ans. 𝑒=
29
Question
2
3 3
If normal at 𝑃 2, 2 162
𝑥 𝑦
meets
𝑆𝑄: 𝑆 ′ 𝑄 (where 𝑆&𝑆 ′ are major axis of ellipse 9 + = 1 at 𝑄 then find
foci)
8− 7
Ans. 8+ 7
Question
If a quadrilateral is formed by drawing tangents at end point of latus rectum
of standard ellipse then find area outside of ellipse but inside of quadrilateral
in first quadrant.
Ans. 2𝑎 2
𝑒 − 𝜋𝑎𝑏 × 14
Question
Any tangent to an ellipse is cut by the tangents at the ends of the
major axis in T and T ′ . Prove that circle on TT ′ as diameter passes
through foci.
Equation of an ellipse referred to two perpendicular lines :
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
Given ellipse + …(1)
2
𝑎= 𝑏2
1
Let 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) be any point on the ellipse,
then 𝑃𝑀 = 𝑦 & 𝑃𝑁 = 𝑥
2 2
PN PM
∴ above equation can be written as + ….(2)
a2 = 1b 2
From equation (2) we conclude that if perpendicular distances p1& p2 of
a moving point P(x, y) from two mutually perpendicular straight lines
L1 ≡ 𝑙x + my + n1 = 0 & L2 ≡ mx − 𝑙y + n2 = 0 respectively
then equation of ellipse will be
𝑝2 p2 =1
2 1
a2
+ b2
2 2
mx − 𝑙y + n2 𝑙x + my + n1
⇒ 𝑙 2 + m2 + 𝑙 2 + m2 =1
a2 b2
Question
Find the equation the ellipse whose axis are of length 6 & 2 6
and their equations are 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 3 = 0 & 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 0.
𝑥−3y+3 2 3𝑥+𝑦−1 2
Ans. 10
+ 10
=1
( 6)2 (3)2
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