LESSON 1:

NATURE OF
MATHEMATICS
LESSON 1.1: PATTERNS
AND NUMBERS IN
NATURE AND THE
WORLD
 PATTERNS
01 02
Regular Repeate
d
03Recurring forms
or designs
 Find logical
connections to form
generalizations

Identify
relationships Predictions
1. Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
2. Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
3. Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
4. Which of the figures can be used to continue the
series given below?
5. What number comes next?

11
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, _____.
Patterns
 It indicates that you

Symmetr can draw an imaginary

line across an object
and the resulting parts

y are mirror of each

other.
 Leonardo da Vinci’s
Butterfly Vitruvian Man
Starfish
Symmetry

The butterfly is symmetry

about the axis indicated
by the dotted line. Note
that the left and right
portions are exactly the
same. This type of
symmtery is called
bilateral symmetry.
Symmetry

Leonardo da Vinci’s
Vitruvian Man
showing the
proportions and
symmetry of the
human body.
 Symmetry
• There are other types of symmetry
depending on the number of sides or faces
that are symmetrical.
• Note that if you rotate the starfish you can
still achieve the sane appearance as the
original position. This is known as
rotational symmetry.
• A more common way of describing
rotational symmetry is by order of
rotation.
Order of Rotation
A figure has a rotational symmetry of order n
(n-fold rotational symmetry) if of a complete turn
leaves the figure unchanged.

0
360
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=
𝑛
Example:
The patten on a
snowflakes repeat six
times, indicating that
there is a six-fold
symmetry.
0
360 0
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛= =60
6
Honeycomb
Why bees used
hexagon in making
honeycomb and not
any other polygons?

Packing Problem
Packing Problem
It involve finding the
optimum method of
filling up a given space
such as cubic or
spherical container.
Proof: Suppose you have
circles of radius 1 cm,
each of which will then
have an area of . We are
then going to fill a plane
with these circles using
square packing and
hexagonal packing.
 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
×100 %
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝜋 𝑐𝑚2
¿ 2
×100 %
4 𝑐𝑚
≈ 78.54 %
The area of each triangle is
given by: 2
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ∙ √ 3
𝐴=
4
(2 𝑐𝑚) ∙ √ 3
2
A=
4
4 𝑐𝑚 ∙ √ 3
2
𝐴=
4
𝐴=√ 3 𝑐𝑚 2
• The area of the hexagon is
• The total area of the circle is

𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠

×100 %
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
2
3 𝜋 𝑐𝑚
¿ ×100 %
6 √ 3 𝑐𝑚
2

≈ 90.69 %
≈ 78.54 % ≈ 90.69 %
Tiger’s Stripes and Hyena’s Spot’s
• Patterns are also exhibited in the
external appearance of animals. The
tiger looks and hyena’s spot, these
seemingly random designs are believed
to be governed by mathematical
equation.
• According to the theory of Allan Turing
the chemical factors in the cell determine
growth patterns, and influence factors
like hair color. There are two chemical
process: reaction and diffusion.
The Sunflower
• Looking at the
sunflower, there is a
definite pattern of
clockwise and
counterclockwise arc
of spirals extending
outward from the
center of the flower.
Flower Petals
• Flowers are easily
considered as things
of beauty.
• Flowers with five
petals are said to be
most common.
• Number of petals are
all Fibonacci
numbers.
Population Growth
Mathematics can be used to model population
growth with the formula

where A is the size of the population after it

grows, P is the initial number of people, r is the
rate of growth, t is time, and e is the Euler’s
constant with an approximate value of 2.718.
Example:

The exponential growth model describes the

population of a city in the Philippines in
thousands, t years after 1995.

a. What was the population of the city in 1995?

b. What will be the population in 2017?
Solution (a):
Since our exponential growth model describes the
population t years after 1995, we consider 1995 as t = 0
0.02 𝑡
𝐴 =30 𝑒
0.02 (0 )
𝐴=30 𝑒 0
𝐴 =30 𝑒
𝐴 =30 ( 1)
𝐴 = 30
∴ 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛1995 𝑤𝑎𝑠 30 , 000
Solution (b):
We need to find A for the year 2017. To find t, we
subtract 2017 and 1995 to get t = 22, which we then
plug in to our exponential growth model
0.02 𝑡
𝐴 =30 𝑒
0.02 (22 )
𝐴=30 𝑒
0.44
𝐴 =30 𝑒
𝐴=30 (1.55271)
𝐴= 46.5813
∴ 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 46 ,581 𝑖𝑛2017
Check Your Progress

In 1950, the world’s population was

2,555,982,611. With a growth rate of
approximately 1.68%, what was the
population in 1995?
Solution :
We need to find A for the year 1995. To find t, we
subtract 1995 and 1950 to get t = 45, which we then
plug in to our exponential growth model
0.0168 𝑡
𝐴=2555982611 𝑒
0.0168 ( 45)
𝐴=2555982611 𝑒
0.756
𝐴=2555982611 𝑒
𝐴=2555982611 (2.129740199 )
𝐴=5,443,578,915
∴ 𝑡h𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠5,443,578,915 𝑖𝑛1995
Check Your Progress

In 1950, the world’s population was

2,555,982,611. With a growth rate of
approximately 1.68%, what was the
population in 1955?
Solution :
We need to find A for the year 1955. To find t, we
subtract 1955 and 1950 to get t = 5, which we then plug
in to our exponential growth model
0.0168 𝑡
𝐴=2555982611 𝑒
0.0168 ( 5)
𝐴=2555982611 𝑒
0. 084
𝐴=2555982611 𝑒
𝐴=2555982611 (1.0876288938 )
𝐴=2,779,960,539.8
∴ 𝑡h𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠 2,779,960,540𝑖𝑛1955
Check Your Progress

The exponential growth model describes

the population of a city in the Philippines in
thousands, t years after 1997. What is the
population after 20 years?
Solution :

𝐴 =50 𝑒 0.0 7 𝑡
0.0 7 ( 20 )
𝐴=50 𝑒
𝐴 =50 𝑒 1.4
𝐴=50 (4.0551999668 )
𝐴=202.75999834
𝐴=202,760
𝐴=203,000
∴ 𝑡h𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 202,760 𝑖𝑛20 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
THANK YOU!