Autograph Fundamental

Fundamentals of AutographPC
• Sizing Simulation Software
© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

Learning objectives
• Start program and open and save files

• Identify windows, tabs, and buttons
• Demonstrate knowledge of functions
• Enter well data
• Select a pump, motor, and seal
• Select cable, controller, and sensor
• Use the AutographPC Dynamic Simulator
• Create reports
• Use help function

Overview
• History
– First offered in 1986
– Unique in industry
– Simulator function
• Customer objectives
– Production versus cost
• Data collection requirements
– Completeness
– Accuracy
– Specificity

AutographPC program window

• Toolbar
– File
– Sizing
– Settings
– Windows
– Help

• File
– New
– Open
– Save
– Save as default file
– Export to Product Selector
– Exit

• Sizing
– Sizing
screen
– ASAP (A
Stress
Analysis
Program)
• Deviation
analysis

• Settings
– Units
• Metric versus American
• Barrels, gallons, liters
• Do not use this function
– Change units from sizing toolbar
– Catalog and program updates

• Windows
– Display changes
• Cascade
• Arrange
• Active windows

• Help
– Help contents
– About AutographPC
– Visit
BakerHughesDirect
– Always search help
function first

AutographPC 7.3 sizing window

AutographPC 6.8 sizing window

Well conditions screen
• Toolbar buttons
– Open
– Save
– Print
– Multiple cases
– Units
– Undo
– Graphs
– Tools/Options
– Help

Well conditions screen toolbar
• Open
– Opens a saved sizing
from data folder
– Same as program
toolbar open
function

• Save
– Creates a sizing file
from entered
information
– Stored in data folder
– Same as program
toolbar save function

• Print
– Will not output to
printer
– Screen shot
– Paste result into
secondary program
(MS Word,
PowerPoint, etc.)

• Multiple cases
– Six independent
sizings per data file
– Comparison value
– New case will contain
same data as current
case

• Units
– Change
measurement
formats
– Volume, distance,
temperature
– Metric, standard
(American), etc
– Change units from
well conditions
screen to prevent
program closing

• Undo
– Not like most undo
functions
– Reverse all changes
since last saved
– Do not use to
attempt to reverse
most recent change

• Graphs
– IPR Plot: Inflow performance
relationship
– Rs vs P: Gas in solution as a
function of pressure
– Z Factor: Gas compressibility as a
– Dead Visc: Dead oil viscosity as a
– Saturated Oil Viscosity: Viscosity as
a function of gas in solution
– Undersaturated Oil Viscosity:
Viscosity as a function of pressure

• Graphs
– Well Profile Plots: Graph variables as a function
of depth
• Pressure Gradient: Liquid Pressure as a Function of
Depth
• Friction Gradient: Friction Gradient and Elevation
Gradient
• Volume Factors: Volume of Oil, Water, and Gas as a
Function of Depth
• Viscosity: Liquid Mix and Oil Viscosity as a Function
of Depth
• SG and Temp: Specific Gravity of the Produced Fluid
as a Function of Depth
• Flow Rates: Change in Flow Rate as a Function of
Depth
• Velocity and %Free Gas: Velocity (ft/sec) of Mixture
and Percent of Free Gas as a Function of Depth
• Well Profile: Two-dimensional view of the well as per
users entered values

• Tools/Options
– Correlations: Allows the user to
select models used to calculate
values
– Toggle Emulsion effects On/Off
– Annular Flow
– Toggle GOR <-> GLR: Allows
selection of modeling using a Gas
Oil Ratio or Gas Liquid Ratio
– Extended Temperature Profile
– TVD <-> MD converter utility:
Converts true vertical depth to
measured depth and vice versa

• Tools/Options
– ESP vs Gas Lift analysis: Graphs a
comparison of well performance
using ESP or gas lift
– AutoMatch: Selects equipment to
match a user-entered value such as
a target pump intake pressure or
total dynamic head
– Estimate Natural Separation:
Details the amount of natural
separation given the current inputs
– SAGD Option: Toggles the Steam
Assisted Gravity Drain option

• Help
– Calls up the help screen
– Provides a great deal of
information
– all users should become familiar
with Help function
– Same function as the Help tab in
the program toolbar

Navigation
• Arrow keys
• Left mouse click
• Tab
• Enter
• F1 for Help function
• Shaded fields

Navigation
• Minimize graphic

• Fluid properties section

• Oil grav API (Oil Gravity o
in Degrees API)
– Density of liquid
hydrocarbons
– Measured in degrees on the
American Petroleum Institute
(API) Gravity Scale
– To convert from specific
gravity to API weight:
• Oil grav = 141.5 / (131.5
+ API weight)

• % H2O (Percent of Water)
– Percent of water in
produced fluids
– This value has a strong
effect on flow and fluid
viscosities

• SG H2O (Specific Gravity of

Water)
– Ratio of the density of one
material versus a baseline
– For liquids pure water at
60 degrees Fahrenheit is
the baseline
– Values entered in the SG
H2O field are normally
between 1.0 and 1.05.

• SG Gas (Specific Gravity of

Gas)
– Ratio of density of gas
mixture to that of air
– Typically it is the molecular
weight of gas divided by
28.966.
– The chart below highlights
the ratio of common
gasses found in
atmospheric air

• Prod GOR
– Production Gas to Oil Ratio
– The total daily volume of
gas produced from both
the tubing and the casing
divided by the total daily
volume of oil produced
– Expressed in units of
standard cubic feet per
stock tank barrel (Scf/Stb)

• Pb (Bubble Point)
– The highest pressure at
which a bubble of gas is
first released from the oil
– Checking the Max Pb block
calculates and displays the
bubble point

• Temperature model section

• Fluid Surf T (Fluid Surface

Temperature)
– Temperature of the
flowing fluid stream at the
surface
– Also referred to as the
ambient surface
temperature

• Earth Surface T (Earth

Surface Temperature)
– Average earth surface
temperature
– Measured approximately
ten feet below the surface
– Typically a constant
temperature for each
region

• BHT (Bottom Hole

Temperature)
– Measured at or near the
perforations
– Difference of the
perforation depth and
pump setting depth can
cause the temperature at
the pump to vary
considerably

• Gas impurities section

• Autograph assumes a
hydrocarbon gas mixture,
primarily composed of
methane
• Other gasses will change
performance of the gas and
gas/oil mixture.
• Common gas impurities
include:
• N2 - Nitrogen
• H2S - Hydrogen sulfide
• CO2 - Carbon dioxide

• Inflow Performance - Test Data Section

• Select Pressure Bomb Test

or Fluid Level Test prior to
entering data into any field
• Reflects the type of test
performed to assess the
inflow performance of the
well

• Pressure bomb test

measures reservoir
pressure
• Obtained at a specific
depth often at the midpoint
or top of the producing
zone
• Test is conducted using a
pressure-tight container
(bomb)

• Pressure bomb test data

– Datum Vertical Depth: depth at
which the pressure test was
performed
– Perforations Vertical Depth:
vertical depth to the center of
perforations.
– Static Pressure: shut-in pressure
reading at the datum vertical
depth when the flow-rate is zero
– Test Flow: flow per day at the
test pressure, used with test
pressure to determine the
productivity index
– Test Pressure: flowing pressure
at datum depth at the test flow
rate

• Productivity Index (PI) is an expression of

the ability of a reservoir to deliver fluids to
the wellbore
• PI is usually stated as a volume measured
in barrels per day per PSI
• Autograph will calculate the PI based on
the data entered, or may be entered
manually
• The following example solves for PI:
PI = Q/(Pr - Pwf )
PI = Productivity Index
Q = Test Flow (Q implies quantity)
PR = Static Pressure
Pwf = Test Pressure (Pressure when flowing)
PI = 1000/(3000-1700) = .769 bpd/psi

• Fluid Level Test

– Distance between well
head and point fluid rises
in the well.
– Note: Fluid level testing is
not appropriate for gassy
wells due to the ‘foam
effect’ in the annular space
between the casing and
the tubing.

• Pump vertical depth is the

vertical setting depth, as
measured from a surface
reference
• Perforations vertical depth is the
vertical depth to the top of the
perforations, as measured from a
surface reference
• Static fluid level is the fluid level
when the well is not flowing
(shut in)
– Note: value may be negative
if there is sufficient pressure
to drive the fluid past the
surface.

• Test flow is the flow in

stock tank barrels per day
at the test pressure
– Test flow is used with test
pressure to determine the
productivity index or PI
• Production vertical level is
the fluid level while the well
is flowing at the test flow
rate

• Four options in the IPR

Method section:
– Constant PI
– Vogel
– Composite
– Custom

• Constant PI
– A linear productivity index
(the most optimistic) is
assumed
– Method calculates the highest
maximum flow rate (MaxQ)
since no change from
producing gas is assumed
– Constant PI is selected only if
the pump is used to water

• Vogel
– Uses constant PI above
the bubble point (Pb) and
a nonlinear curve below Pb
– As pressure falls below Pb,
gas comes out of the
solution resulting in a
declining Pb
– Calculates the smallest
maximum flowrate (MaxQ)
of the three options
– Recommend to use for
100% oil cases

• Composite IPR
– Composite of Vogel and
constant PI
– Oil follows Vogel's curve and
water follows PI model
– Recommended for use when
both oil and water are
flowing

• Custom Table
– When Cust is selected a
button marked IPR will
appear
– Selecting the IPR button will
call up the User Entered IPR
Table
– This table enables the user to
manually enter data to create
a custom IPR curve

• String Description Section

• This section allows entry of the

following string characteristics
– Total vertical depth (TVD)
– Measured depth (MD)
– Casing internal diameter
(CsgID)
– Tubing internal diameter
(TbgID)
– Pipe roughness
• The description is from top to
bottom
• The first row represents the
topmost tubing/casing section
• If uniform size tubing and casing
only the first row is to be used

• Total vertical depth (TVD)

– Depth to the bottom of the
string
– TVD is always equal to or
less than the measured
depth
• Measured depth (MD)
– Total length of the string
– MD is always equal to or
greater than total vertical
depth

• Casing Internal Diameter

– May be entered directly or
chosen from a list by pressing
the Select Csg button
– Note the curser must be in
the CsgID column to use the
Select Csg button
– Any number of sections of
pipe may be entered
• Tubing Internal Diameter
– May be entered directly or
chosen from a list by pressing
the Select Tbg button

• Pipe Roughness (not

shown)
– This value is used to
calculate the friction factor
which adds to the total
dynamic head value
– Values range from 0.00018
to .018

• Surface Pressures and Casing Fluids Over Pump

• Tubing surface pressure is

the pressure required
transfer from the wellhead
to the storage tank.
• Casing pressure is the
annular surface pressure
expected while producing.
• Casing fluid over pump
– Oil only
– Liquid mixture

• Target Section

• Pump setting depth is the total

vertical depth at which the
pump is set
• The maximum desired flowrate
value must be less than or
equal to the maximum flowrate
– Maximum rate which can be
entered in the pump screen when
tied
• Minimum pump intake pressure
can be entered or calculated
– If the PIP is entered the program
calculates the maximum desired
flowrate otherwise the PIP is
calculated based on the flowrate
entered

• Gas separation is the percentage

of free gas that does not go into
the pump
– Gas separation efficiency is a
combined factor of natural
separation and gas separator
effciency
– Entering gas separation
efficiency is often a matter of
estimation based on prior
applications in the same oilfield
and gas separator engineering
literature

• Compute

• The bar-shaped button labeled

Compute is found at the top of the
screen’s right-hand panel
– It displays intermediate data used to arrive
at the total dynamic head value

Pump sizing screen

Pump sizing screen
• Toolbar buttons
– Open
– Save
– Print
– Multiple cases
– Tied
– Units
– Undo
– Main Shut-in Critical Pressure
– Graphs
– Tools/Options
– Dynamic Simulator
– DOCViewer
– Help

Pump sizing screen toolbar
• Tied
– Used to force a relationship between different screens
– Connects equipment selection with data from well conditions
screen
– The default value of this button is ‘tied’
– Clicking the button will ‘untie’ the equipment from the data

Pump sizing screen
• Refresh list button

– Clicking the refresh list
button will select all
applicable pumps
– Refresh list should be
performed before any
other pump screen
functions

• Main shut-in critical pressure

– Computes the amount of pressure (at the well head) that
would be generated if the well was shut-in with the pump
running

• Graphs
– Enables the user to create pump curves based on the data
currently entered in Autograph
Normal (tornado) Fixed frequency

• Tools/Options
– Frequency Range
• Set upper and lower frequency limits
– Flow Range Filter

• Allows control of flow range using two sliders
– Shut in to BEP and BEP to wide-open

• Tools/Options
– Include Obsolete pumps
– Include only CL pumps
– Include only IMW (Industrial Mining and Water) pumps
• GPM not BPD
– Centrifugal pumps mode
– ESPCP Progressing Cavity Pumps Mode
– RDPCP Rod Driven PCPs Mode
– Click to switch to Horizontals mode

• Tools/Options
– Sensitivity Analysis
• Allows user to change parameters and see the impact on watch
variables
• Allows user to determine the sensitivity of the design to input
parameter such as water cut or produced GOR

• Tools/Options
– Custom Pump Curves
• Option is not applicable to PCPs
• Create custom pump performance information
• Once created use like standard database pump curves

• Dynamic Simulator
– Track dynamic system conditions from
start-up to stabilized steady state
– Includes the time variable in sizing
– Numerous events and situations can be
simulated
• Hole in tubing
• Broken shaft
• Abrasive wear
– Simulator speed can be increased to
shorten the time needed to model a
longer period of operation

Pump sizing screen
• The right-hand side of the

pump screen displays four
fields
– Pumping Conditions
– Design Point
– Modifiers
– Other Computed Results

Pump sizing screen
• Pumping Conditions
– This is a reference field
used to display data
imported from the well
screen
– Pumping conditions
information is used as a
reference while sizing the
pump

Pump sizing screen
• Design Point
– Displays the number of stages,
the resulting flow and head, and
the brake horsepower required
by the pump
– Design point information will
change to reflect the current
pump.
– Most fields have a calculate
button next to them
– When data is entered in one field
other two fields will calculate the
change when the button is
clicked
• For example a decrease in
frequency will show a
corresponding decrease in flow if
no other changes are made

Pump sizing screen
• Design Point
– It is recommended the
number of stages be raised
or lowered until arriving at an
operating frequency of about
60 HZ
– This allows viewing of
horsepower requirements at
60 HZ
– This also aids the service
technician with setting up the
controller based on the
operating conditions and not
just the nameplate of the
motor

Pump sizing screen
• Modifiers
– The modifiers section allows
the user to adjust the
modifiers for flow, head and
power
– If a pump has been tested on
a test bench these modifiers
have been measured and
values can be entered to
duplicate pump performance
– If the viscosity effect box is
selected these modifiers will
automatically account for
high viscosity applications to
account for the effect on
pump performance

Pump sizing screen
• Other Computed Results

– The section at the lower
right hand corner displays
key values to aid the user
in evaluating how well
different pump designs fit
the application

Pump sizing screen
Quick pump selection guide:
1. Tie pump page to well

2. Adjust flow rate filter
3. Click refresh list
4. Select harsh duty model
5. Choose pump
1. Largest series
2. Stage operating range
3. Inventory availability
6. Note warning messages

Motor sizing screen

Motor sizing screen
• Motor Screen Toolbar

Buttons
• Open
• Save
• Print
• Multiple cases
• Tied
• Units
• Undo
• Tools/Options
• DOCViewer
• Help

Motor sizing screen
• The Tools/Options button
– Include Obsolete Equipment
– Motor Shroud
• Motor below the perforations
• Insufficient flow past the motor
– Compute Voltage imbalance
• Typically imbalance is present when using a flat power cable
• Imbalance can be cancelled by transposing the phases but this
requires additional splices
• The default value is brought from the cable screen if the
selected cable is flat cable
• No imbalance is assumed if the user selected round cable

Motor sizing screen
• AutoSelect
– Searches the database for the largest motor that will fit in
the casing and meets the required HP load
– If the temperature warning limit is shown, the user may
select a smaller series motor
• A smaller diameter motor will have a larger surface area (for
equivalent HP rating) to aid in heat dissipation
– The user may adjust the motor selection up or down to find
the best application for the well
– Select the highest voltage motor available to arrive at the
lowest amperage and smallest cable size
• Available voltage on location should be considered to avoid the
requirement of transformer to get the desired voltage

Motor sizing screen
• The motor screen data

entry fields
– Input Data
– ADR
– Selection (60Hz rating)
– OP Conditions

Motor sizing screen
• Input Data
– Displays information drawn
from the pump selection
made at the pump screen
– Intended to aid the user in
evaluating how well
different motor designs fit
the application

Motor sizing screen
• ADR Section
– Application Dependant
Rating
– Temperature vs loading
• Hot environments may
require motor to be
underloaded to prevent
overheating
• Cool environments may
permit loading the motor
beyond nameplate without
damage

Motor sizing screen
• Selection and OP Conditions

Motor sizing screen
• Selection (60Hz rating) Section

– Select a Centrilift or competitor
motor
• Allows a Centrilift pump and
seal to be sized in with a non-
Centrilift motor
• Select high voltage, low
amperage if possible to
reduce cable costs
• OP Conditions (@60 Hz) Section
– Section will show how this motor
should perform using input data
– Pay special attention to the
Internal Temp shown in this
section

Seal sizing screen

Seal sizing screen
• Application – related data Section

– Pump data
– Floater
– Sand present in pump
– Oil Type
• Select the oil type best fit to down
hole temp
• Computed results box shows
performance of the seal selected in
the Seal Selection section using
entered data
– Close attention must be paid to the
Brg Oil Temp, Thrust brg load, and
Chamber capacity used information
• A different model or option of seal
may provide the best results

Seal sizing screen
• Seal Selection
– Choose the series, model, and
options that best fit the
application
– Alternative brands allow Centrilift
equipment to be sized with a
non-Centrilift seal
• The information box at the
bottom of the section provides
valuable information about the
series, model, and options
selected
• The question mark button will
call up valuable seal information
from the help file

Cable sizing screen

Cable sizing screen
• Input Data Section

– Allows input of surface
cable (Surface) and motor
lead extension (MLE)
requirements
– Cost per kilowatt hour
(KWH) to enables accurate
power cost calculations
– All other fields should be
updated on the source
page

Cable sizing screen
• Cable Selection Section

– Used with the Cable Sizing
Output section to choose surface
cable, main cable, and motor
lead extension
– Click the bubble marked Surface,
Main, or Extension on in the
Cable Sizing Output section (next
slide)
– Select a suitable cable from the
database using the Cable
Selection pull-down boxes
– press the About button for a
description of the cable
– Maximum rated temp and
maximum conductor
temperature are shown for each
section

Cable sizing screen
• Cable Sizing Output Section

– Clicking Main or Extension displays a
cross section of the production
tubing, cable, and casing.
– This section also details the casing
ID and the tubing collar OD for
clearance threshold
• Voltage drop, surface voltage,
surface KVA, frequency, power
loss, monthly power cost
• Warning messages are displayed
in the center of the cable sizing
screen when needed
• Cable thickness and clearance
are shown to the right of the
cross-section drawing

Controller sizing screen

• Input Data Section

– Vin: voltage coming into
the controller
– Vsur: surface voltage
(Vsur), motor amps
– PwrCost: power cost
– Vout: voltage out of the
controller
– Freq: motor frequency
– Data imported from the
motor and cable screens if
tied to the rest of the
system sizing

• Controller Selection Section

– Toggle between switchboards
and variable speed drives
– Models listed by model
number, KVA, and current
(Amps) rating
• AutoSelect will select a controller
meeting minimum surface KVA
requirements
• Motor starting conditions are
shown if the screen is tied
– Starting frequencies and/or
Vboost may be selected to
remove no-start error
message if a VSD is selected

• This section shows the

transformer ratio for the
selected equipment along
with a small graphic to
show the relationship of
source power,
transformer(s), and ESP
system
• Transformer step up ratio
calculated based on
required motor amps and
voltage and drive output
voltage

Monitoring and Automation sizing screen

Monitoring and Automation sizing screen
• The Monitoring and Automation

Screen provides the opportunity
to add sensor attachments to the
sizing
– Part numbers, data sampling
rates, and metallurgy of each
sensor unit is displayed below
the sensor pull-down box
– The ‘Parameters Measured’
text box highlights the data
sensed and transmitted by
the selected sensor



Report screen

Report screen
• Pump Curve
• Input Parameters
• Operating Parameters /
Selection
• Monitoring and Automation

Questions and Discussion
• Start program and open and save files
• Identify windows, tabs, and buttons
• Demonstrate knowledge of functions
• Enter well data
• Select a pump, motor, and seal
• Select cable, controller, and sensor
• Use the AutographPC Dynamic Simulator
• Create reports
• Use help function

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Fundamentals of AutographPC

• Sizing Simulation Software

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• Start program and open and save files

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

– Catalog and program updates

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• Oil grav API (Oil Gravity o

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• SG H2O (Specific Gravity of

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• SG Gas (Specific Gravity of

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• Fluid Surf T (Fluid Surface

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• Earth Surface T (Earth

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• BHT (Bottom Hole

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© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• Select Pressure Bomb Test

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• Pressure bomb test

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• Pressure bomb test data

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• Productivity Index (PI) is an expression of

• The following example solves for PI:

PI = 1000/(3000-1700) = .769 bpd/psi

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

• Fluid Level Test

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• Pump vertical depth is the

© Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.