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Copd
Copd
Cigarette smoking
Primary cause of COPD***
disease
COPD
Causes
Infection
Major contributing factor to the aggravation and
progression of COPD
Heredity
-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (produced by liver
Fig. 28-7
Emphysema
Pathophysiology
Hyperinflation of alveoli
Destruction of alveolar walls
Narrowed airways
Most common
Progresses in severity
Patient will first complain of dyspnea on
Disappearance of cilia
changes
Narrow airway lumen and reduced
airflow d/t
hyperplasia of mucus glands
Inflammatory swelling
Excess, thick mucus
Chronic Bronchitis
Pathophysiology
asthma
Chronic Bronchitis
Clinical Manifestations
Earliestsymptoms:
Frequent, productive cough during
winter
Frequent respiratory infections
Chronic Bronchitis
Clinical Manifestations
Dyspnea on exertion
History of smoking
failure)
Pneumonia
COPD
COPD
Collaborative Care
Smoking cessation
Most significant factor in slowing the
Decreased hematocrit
Percussion
Vibration
Positions
Positions for Postural
for Postural Drainage
Drainage
Fig. 28-16
COPD
Collaborative Care
Surgical Therapy
Lung volume reduction surgery
Lung transplant
COPD
Collaborative Care
Nutritional therapy
Full stomachs press on diaphragm causing
dyspnea and discomfort
Difficulty eating and breathing at the same time
Nutritional therapy
Avoid gas-forming foods
High-calorie, high-protein diet is recommended
Supplements
Health Promotion
STOP SMOKING!!!
Avoid or control exposure to occupational
and environmental pollutants and irritants
Early detection of small-airway disease
Early diagnosis of respiratory tract infections
Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation
Acute Intervention
Required for complications like pneumonia,
cor pulmonale, and acute respiratory failure
Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation
pathophysiologic complications of
respiratory impairment
Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation
Long-acting theophylline
Decreases bronchospasm and airway obstruction
Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation
Ambulatory and Home Care
Psychosocial considerations
Guilt
Depression
Anxiety
Social isolation
Denial
Dependence
Use relaxation techniques and support groups
Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation
ft.