Class SINAGTALA 2022

QUANTITATIVE
REASONING
-Basic Concepts
-Problem Solving

Clyte Mee Madojenog – Espida, EdD

Discussant
Quantitative Reasoning Review Tips and Tricks

1. Strengthen your knowledge of basic mathematical concepts.

2. Take as many practice tests on

basic arithmetic with real numbers, GEMDAS, 
writing algebraic expressions, and solving problems.

3. Identify which lessons you struggle with the most. Some examinees
tend to run away from their weaknesses and focus only on what they do
best. However, addressing the challenging problems head-on will give
you the confidence you need to perform better in this subtest.
Quantitative Reasoning Review Tips and Tricks

4. Learn quick computing methods to maximize your time in this

portion. Here are some techniques you can use:

•When getting the 25% of a number, just divide the number by 4. For 50%, divide it
by 2.
•Multiplying a decimal by 100 means you only have to move two decimal places to
the right. For instance, 9.25 x 100 = 925. Multiplying by 1000 means moving three
decimal places to the right.
•Dividing a decimal by 100 means you only have to move two decimal places to the
left (e.g., 817.2 ÷ 100 = 8.172). Dividing by 1000 means moving three decimal places
to the left. 
 TIPS FOR TAKING EXAM ON QUANTITATIVE REASONING
Time Management

Consider the Hardest Questions

Conceptualize the Answer Before You Write

Draw a Diagram, Whenever Possible

Use Appropriate Strategies in Solving Problems

Think about the Logic of your Solution

Check Your Work Towards the End

Important Notes :
1. In a particular simplification, if you have both multiplication and division, do the operations
one by one in the order from left to right.
2. Division does not always come before multiplication. We have to do one by one in the order
from left to right.
3. In a particular simplification, if you have both addition and subtraction, do the operations
one by one in the order from left to right.
12 ÷ 3 x 5 = 4 x 5 = 20
13 - 5 + 9 = 8 + 9 = 17
Evaluate:
1.) 5 + 6 x 7 = 47
2.) (25 + 11) x 2 = 72
3.) 102 - 16 ÷ 8 = 98
4.) 3 + 6 x (5 + 4) ÷ 3 -7 = 14
5.) 56 - 2(20 + 12 ÷ 4 x 3 - 2 x 2) + 10 = 16
6.) 6 + [(16 - 4) ÷ (22 + 2)] – 2 = 6
7.) (96 ÷ 12) + 14 x (12 + 8) ÷ 2 = 148
Solution:
BASIC CONCEPTS
BASIC CONCEPTS

1.) Which of the following is smaller than 0.0031?

A. 0.00092 B. 0.021 C. 0.004 D. 0.006 E. 0.011
2.) A circle has a diameter of 8.5cm. What is its radius?
A. 3.75cm B. 4.25cm C. 4.50cm D. 5.00cm E. 5.25cm
3. 4. Which of the following is the biggest?
B. 41, 200mm B. 41.2m C.4,120cm D. 0.0412km E. All are equal
4.) The mean, median, and mode of 5 numbers are equal. The numbers are
29, 18, 24, 25. What is the 5th number?
C. 24 B. 25 C. 29 D. 28 E. 35
5. 30% is to 3/5 as 60% is to ?
A. 1 1/5 B. 1 ¼ C. 3 ½ D. 2 1/3 E. 2 3/4
BASIC CONCEPTS

6.) 8 is to 11 as 36 is to ?
A. 69.50 B. 65 C. 59.50 D. 55 E. 49.5
7.) -6, 30, -150, 750,
A. -2250 B. 2250 C. -3750 D. 3750 E. -1500
8.) If y=-3. Which of the following has the greatest value?
B. B. C. D. E.
9.) In a certain room, there are 28 women and 21 men. What is the ratio
of men to women?
A. 4:3 B. 3:4 C. 5:6 D. 6:5 E. None of these
Solution: men to women
21 : 28 = 3 : 4
BASIC CONCEPTS

10.) A student chose a number, multiplied it by 2, then subtracted 138

from the result and got 102. What was the number he chose?
A. 100 B. 120 C. 180 D. 240 E. 300
X (2) -138 = 102
2x = 102 + 138
2x = 240 (Divide both sides by 2)
x = 120
11.) I chose a number and divide it by 5. Then I subtracted 154 from
the result and got 6. What was the number I chose?
B. 100 B. 200 C. 400 D. 800 E. 1,600
-154 = 6
= 6 + 154
x = 160 (5)
x = 800
 BASIC CONCEPTS

12.) In a group, the ratio of doctors to lawyers is 5:4. If the total

number of people in the group is 72, what is the number of lawyers in
the group?
A. 18 B. 24 C. 30 D. 32 E. 40
Solution:
Let the number of doctors be 5x and the number of lawyers be 4x.
Then 5x+4x = 72
9x = 72 (Divide both sides by 9)
x=8
So the number of lawyers in the group is 4(8) = 32.

13.) A salesman sold twice as many pears in the afternoon than in the
morning. If he sold 360 kilograms of pears that day, how many kilograms
did he sell in the afternoon?
A. 60 B. 120 C. 180 D. 240 E. 300
BASIC CONCEPTS

15.) Mary, Peter, and Lucy were picking chestnuts. Mary picked twice as
much chestnuts than Peter. Lucy picked 2 kg more than Peter. Together
the three of them picked 26 kg of chestnuts. How many kilograms did
Lucy pick?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 12 D. 16 E. 20
Solution:
Let x be the amount Peter picked. Then Mary and Lucy picked 2x and x+2,
respectively. So,
x+2x+x+2=26
4x+2=26
4x=26-2
4x=24 (divide both sides by 4)
x=6
Therefore, Peter, Mary, and Lucy picked 6, 12, and 8 kg, respectively.
BASIC CONCEPTS

15.) The distance between two towns is 380 km. At the same moment, a passenger car
and a truck start moving towards each other from different towns. They meet 4 hours
later. If the car drives 5 km/hr faster than the truck, what are their speeds?

A. 40 & 45 B. 45 & 50 C. 50 & 55 D. 55 & 60 E. 60 & 65

Vehicle V (km/hr) t (hr) d (km)

Car x+5 4 4(x +5)
Truck X 4 4x

Solution: 4(x+5)+4x = 380

4x + 20+ 4x = 380 – 20
8x = 380 - 20
8x = 360

x = 45
Therefore the truck's speed is 45 km/hr, and the car's speed is 50 km/hr.
PERCENTAGE
 PERCENTAGE
Percentage is defined as a given part or amount in every hundred. It is a
fraction with 100 as the denominator and is represented by the symbol
"%". In questions containing percentages, convert the percentages to
hundredths, and solve as in ordinary fraction problems.
65% is 0.65
10% is 0.10 or 0.1
0.5% is 0.005

Examples:
1.) What is 60 percent of 80?

48
PERCENTAGE

2.) The price of an item dropped from Php 15 to Php 12. By what
percentage did the price drop?
Solution:
15-12 = 3
You have to calculate what percent of 15 is 3.
x% (15) = 3

=0.2
PERCENTAGE

3. There are 50 students in a class. If 14% are absent on a

particular day, find the number of students present in the
class.

Solution 1: Number of students absent on a particular day = 14 % of 50

                                          i.e., 14/100 × 50 = 7
Therefore, the number of students present = 50 - 7 = 43 students.

Solution 2: Percentage of students present on a particular day is 86%.

86% (50) = ?
0.86 (50) = 43

Therefore, the number of students present is 43.

PERCENTAGE

4.) In a basket of apples, 12% of them are rotten and 66 are in

good condition. Find the total number of apples in the basket.
Solution:            
Let the total number of apples in the basket be m.
12 % of the apples are rotten, and apples in good condition are 66

Therefore, according to the question, 88% of m= 66

⟹ 88% × m = 66
⟹ m = (66)/0.88
⟹ m = 75
Therefore, total number of apples in the basket is 75.
PERCENTAGE

5. In an examination, 300 students appeared. Out of these

students; 28 % got first division, 54 % got second division and
the remaining just passed. Assuming that no student failed;
find the number of students who just passed.
Solution:
The number of students with first division = 28%
And, the number of students with second division = 54 %
Remaining percentage (just passed) = 100% -28% - 54%
= 18%

18% of 300 is the number of students who just passed the examination.
18% (300) = ?
0.18 (300) = 54

Therefore, the number of students who just passed  = 54

PERCENTAGE
Exercises:
1.) What is ½% equivalent to?
A.) 0.005 B.) .1/2 C.) 0.05 D.) 0.001/2 E.) 0.05
2.) 16 is 40% of what amount?
A.)
  30 B.) 40 C.) 50 D.) 60 E.) 70
Solution: Let x be the number:
16 = 40%x
16 = 0.40x

40 = x
PERCENTAGE
Exercises:
3.) 0.81% written as a decimal is..
A.) 81 B.) 8.1 C. 0.81 D. 0.081 E. 0.0081
4.) 102 is what percent of 200?
A.)
  50% B.) 51% C. 52% D. 53% E. 54%
Solution: Let x be the percentage
102 = x%(200)

0.51 = x%
51% = x
PERCENTAGE
Exercises:
5.) What number when increased by 90% of itself equals 133?
A.) 30 B.) 119 C.) 43 D.) 120 E.) 70
6.) A man has P10,000.00 to invest. He invests P4,000.00 at 5 % and P3,500
at 4 %. In order to have a yearly income of P 500.00, he must invest the
remainder at:
A.) 6% B.) 6.1% C.) 6.2% D.) 6.3% E.) 6.4%
PERCENTAGE

Exercises:
7.) There are 250 voters listed in a certain precinct. At the close of the
voting time, only 180 cast their votes. What percent show up to exercise
their voting powers?
8.) 3.80% B.) 4.85% C.) 28% D.) 72% E.) 82%
9.) 73 is what percent of 125?
A.) 54.8% B.) 58.4% C.) 73.5% D.) 75.3% E.) 171.2%
PERCENTAGE

Exercises:
10.) Sandals are on sale for 30% off. The original price of one pair of
sandals is 430. What is the new cost of sandals after the discount?
A.) 129 B.) 149 C.) 301 D.) 330 E.) 349
11.) The price of an item that cost Php 80 pesos was raised by 25%.
What is the new price?
A.) Php 90 B.) Php 100 C.) Php 110 D.) Php 120 E.) Php 130
12.) Penelope is told to clean all the windows at her house.  After
cleaning 9 windows her job is 30% complete.  How many windows does
she need to clean in all?
A.) 24 B.) 27 C.) 30 D.) 36 E.) 40
NUMBER PROBLEM
NUMBER PROBLEM

For questions 1 to 5, write the formula defining each relationship. Do not solve.

1. Five more than twice an unknown number is 25.

2. Twelve more than 4 times an unknown number is 36.

3. Three times an unknown number decreased by 8 is 22.

4. The sum of three consecutive integers is 21.

5. The sum of the first two of three odd consecutive integers, less the third, is 5.
 NUMBER PROBLEM

Examples:
1.) The sum of 5 times a number and 8 is 48. Find the number.

Solution: Let the number be ‘x’ 

Then, 
5x + 8  =  48
Subtract 8 from both sides. 
(5x + 8) - 8  =  48 - 8
5x  =  40
Divide both sides by 5.

x  =  8
So, the number is 8.
NUMBER PROBLEM
2.) One number is greater than thrice the other number
by 2. If 4 times the smaller number exceeds the
greater by 5, find the numbers.
Solution :
Let "x" and "y" be the two numbers such that x > y  
Given: One number is greater than thrice the other
number by 2
So, we have   x  =  3y + 2 ---------(1)
Given: 4 times the smaller number exceeds the
greater by 5
So, we have  4y = x + 5 ---------(2)
Substitution:  (1) in (2), we get  
4y  =  3y + 2 + 5
4y  =  3y + 7
4y - 3y =   7
y  =  7
Substitution: y  =  7 in (1), we get   x  =  3(7) + 2
Therefore x  =  23
So, the two numbers are 23 and 7. 
NUMBER PROBLEM

3.) A number multiplied by 4 less than itself is equal to 24

more than itself. What is the number?

Let x be the number:

x(x-4) = 24+x
x²-4x = 24+x
x²-4x-x-24 = 0
x²-5x-24 = 0
(x-8)(x+3) = 0
x=8, x=-3
Since the number is positive, the value of
x will be 8 or x=8.
NUMBER PROBLEM
4.) The sum of three numbers is 48. The second number is twice the first
number and the third number is thrice the first number. What are the
numbers?
Let x be the first number, 2x be the second number, and 3x be
the third number.
x+2x+3x = 48
6x = 48
6x/6 = 48/6
x = 8
Therefore:
X=8
2x = 16
3x = 24
NUMBER PROBLEM

5.) The sum of two consecutive positive integers is 75. What is

the smaller number?
Solution:
Let x be the smaller number.
x+1
This will be the equation.
x+(x+1)=75
Simplify the equation to get the value of x.
x+(x+1)=75
2x+1=75
2x=75-1
2x=74
x=74/2
x=37
NUMBER PROBLEM
Exercises:
1.) 36 is 4/7 of what number?
A.) 54 B.) 63 C.) 72 D.) 81 E.) 90
Solution: Let x be the number:

36 = (Cross Multiply)
36 (7) = 4x

(Divide both sides by 4)

9 (7) = x
63 = x
2.) The product of the two numbers is 120. The smaller number is 2 less
than the larger number. What is the sum of the two numbers?
A.) 22 B.) 18 C.) 26 D.) 24 E.) 20
NUMBER PROBLEM

Exercises:
3.) A number more than 45 is thrice the number more than 5. What is the
number?
A.) 20 B.) 18 C.) 26 D.) 24 E.) 20
Let x be the number:
x + 45 = 3x + 5
45 + 5 = 3x –x
40 = 2x (Divide both sides by 2)
20 = x
NUMBER PROBLEM

4.) The sum of the three numbers is 108. If the numbers are
consecutive positive even integers. What is the largest number?
A. 34 B. 36 C. 38 D. 40 E. 42
Solution: Let x be the first positive even integer.
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 108
3x +6 = 108
3x = 108 – 6
3x = 102 (Divide both sides by 3)
x = 34 (x+4) = 34 + 4 = 38
5.) The sum of a number and 3 times its reciprocal is 4. What is the
number?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4
NUMBER PROBLEM

6.) Fifteen more than three times a number is the same as nine less
than six times the number. What is the number?
A.) 8 B.) 10 C.) 12 D.) 14 E.) 6

Solution: Let x be the number.

3x + 15 = 6x - 9
15 + 9 = 6x – 3x
24 = 3x (Divide both sides by 3)
8 = x
NUMBER PROBLEM

Exercises:
7.) The sum of three consecutive integers is 93. What is the largest
integer?
A.) 20 B.) 24 C.) 26 D.) 30 E.) 32

8.) The sum of three consecutive even integers is 246. What are the
integers?

A. 82, 84 and 86 C. 80, 82, and 84 E. 80, 81 and 82

B. 80, 84 and 88 D. 78, 82 and 86
NUMBER PROBLEM

Exercises:
9. When five is added to three times a certain number, the result is 17.
What is the number?
A.) 3 B.) 4 C.) 5 D.) 6 E.) 7
10. Eleven less than seven times a number is five more than six times the
number. Find the number.
A.) 12 B.) 14 C.) 16 D.) 18 E.) 20
Solution: Let x be the number.
7x – 11 = 6x + 5
7x – 6x = 5 + 11
x = 16
THANK YOU SO MUCH INDEED!