Lysozyme is a naturally occurring enzyme found in bodily

secretions such as tears, saliva, sweat and milk etc. It is secreted

by submucosal glands, neutrophils, and macrophages.

It functions as an antimicrobial agent by cleaving the

peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to
bacterial cell death.

It is a14 kDa cationic protein- one of the principal components of

airway fluid. In human respiratory tract, its main functions is in
the host defense of the airways.
Famous scientist Alexander Fleming discovered lysozyme in
the early twentieth century.

While growing a bacterial culture, a drop of mucus from his

nose fell into the culture. Eventually, he noticed that the
bacteria in this culture had been killed. He named the
substance lysozyme by combining two words: 'lyse' and
'enzyme'
Functions of lysozyme

Lysozyme has both industrial and medicinal importance. It is

commercially is produced from chicken eggs white.

 Lysozyme is considered a natural antibiotic. It can be used as

an alternative of growth promoting traditional sub therapeutic
antibiotics in fish, or bovine production. Diets supplemented
with transgenic rice expressing human lysozyme have been
reported to improve the performance of chicks. Production of
pigs can be increased by feeding milk from transgenic goats
expressing human lysizyme in the mammary gland. Lysozyme
sourced from chicken eggs can improve gastrointestinal health,
morphology, and growth rate of
 Used as preservative controlling meat spoilage
Functions of lysozyme (continued)
 Can prolong shelf life of fruits, vegetables, potato salad,
ready made foods etc
 Prevent late blowing in cheese industry
 It is a paramount component of innate immunity due to its
antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor and immune modulatory
activities, such as anti-infammation and
immunomodulation. So it has a medicinal values
 It has also disease diagnostic applications
Lysozyme is a bacteriolytic enzyme that has the ability to
hydrolyze glycosidic bonds of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-
acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) in
peptidoglycan (PG), which is present in the cell walls of
prokaryotes (e.g., bacteria) (Mir, 1977; Akinalp et al., 2007)
In addition, its lytic activity has also been reported to inhibit
viruses and eukaryotes, including fungi and parasites, in the
absence of typical PG in their cell walls. However, the lysis of
yeast and mould has been explained by the presence of an
important component of their cell walls called chitin, which has
the same β-(1-4) glycosidic bonds as the bacterial PG, except that
chitin links two NAG residues rather than NAG and NAM; this
means that lysozyme also possesses chitinase activity. Chitin is
present in insects, crustaceans and fungi cell walls.